In the 19th century experiments with new prison models were conducted based on isolated detention as a form of punishment and on work as a means of re-educating convicts. In pre-unitary Italy, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a unique example of the integral application of the cell system which, applied to existing buildings due to limited financial resources, proved ineffective. In 1858, the agricultural penal colony was therefore founded on Pianosa Island: its insularity guaranteed security without the need to build expensive facilities and ensured economic and re-educational benefits resulting from the outdoor work of the prisoners. A new and peculiar prison model was born, which was replicated on other islands and in marginal areas of the country: Gorgona, Capraia, Montecristo in the Tuscan Archipelago, San Bartolomeo, Cuguttu, Castiadas, Isili, Asinara, Mamone, Tramariglio, Is Arenas in Sardinia. Through the study of unpublished archival sources and scientific documents, the research analyses the historical, cultural and political context in which the agricultural penal colony was founded, investigating the reasons that led to the experimentation of a new prison model, its architectural and spatial organisation and its translations into subsequent experiences.
Nel XIX secolo si sperimentano nuovi modelli carcerari basati sull’isolamento detentivo come emenda della pena e sul lavoro come mezzo di rieducazione del condannato. Nell’Italia preunitaria, il Granducato di Toscana rappresenta un esempio unico di applicazione integrale del sistema cellulare che, applicato a edifici preesistenti a causa di limitate disponibilità finanziarie, si dimostra inefficace. Nel 1858 viene pertanto fondata la colonia penale agricola sull’Isola di Pianosa: l’insularità garantisce sicurezza senza la costruzione di dispendiose strutture e garantisce un beneficio economico e rieducativo risultante dal lavoro all’aperto dei detenuti. Nasce un nuovo peculiare modello penitenziario che viene replicato su altre isole e in territori marginali del Paese: Gorgona, Capraia, Montecristo nello stesso Arcipelago Toscano, San Bartolomeo, Cuguttu, Castiadas, Isili, Asinara, Mamone, Tramariglio, Is Arenas in Sardegna. Attraverso lo studio di fonti d’archivio inedite e documenti scientifici, la ricerca analizza il contesto storico, culturale e politico in cui la fondazione della colonia penale agricola si colloca, indagando le ragioni che hanno condotto alla sperimentazione di un nuovo modello carcerario, la sua organizzazione architettonico-spaziale e le sue traduzioni in esperienze successive.
The agricultural penal colony on Pianosa island: the experiment of a new prison model of the 19th century
Colombi, Marta
2024/2025
Abstract
In the 19th century experiments with new prison models were conducted based on isolated detention as a form of punishment and on work as a means of re-educating convicts. In pre-unitary Italy, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a unique example of the integral application of the cell system which, applied to existing buildings due to limited financial resources, proved ineffective. In 1858, the agricultural penal colony was therefore founded on Pianosa Island: its insularity guaranteed security without the need to build expensive facilities and ensured economic and re-educational benefits resulting from the outdoor work of the prisoners. A new and peculiar prison model was born, which was replicated on other islands and in marginal areas of the country: Gorgona, Capraia, Montecristo in the Tuscan Archipelago, San Bartolomeo, Cuguttu, Castiadas, Isili, Asinara, Mamone, Tramariglio, Is Arenas in Sardinia. Through the study of unpublished archival sources and scientific documents, the research analyses the historical, cultural and political context in which the agricultural penal colony was founded, investigating the reasons that led to the experimentation of a new prison model, its architectural and spatial organisation and its translations into subsequent experiences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240789