The water-cooled lead-lithium concept for the EU-DEMO fusion reactor breeding blanket poses several engineering challenges to address. The corrosive action of the lead-lithium eutectic and the permeation of tritium through the structural material impose the application of a protective coating over the structural steel of the breeding blanket in contact with the eutectic. Amorphous alumina coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition are a promising candidate, but present some compatibility issues with the lithium in the eutectic. In this work, two alumina-based ceramic coatings designed by X-Nano, called FUSION-1 and FUSION-2, have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition and characterized. Thermal annealings were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the two coatings with the help of X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The mass density was evaluated through X-ray reflectivity. A correction factor was conceptualized to take into account the deviation of the composition from pure alumina. The refractive index have been evaluated through both Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Brillouin Spectroscopy. Finally, a mechanical analysis was carried out combining the density and refractive index information with Brillouin Spectroscopy. The Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio have been calculated with a high degree of accuracy. FUSION-1 has achieved superior results, showing potential as a protective coating to be used in a water-cooled lead-lithium breeding blanket.
Il design del breeding blanket basato sul piombo-litio e raffreddato ad acqua del reattore a fusione EU-DEMO pone diverse sfide ingegneristiche che vanno affrontate. L'azione corrosiva dell'eutettico piombo-litio e la permeazione del trizio attraverso il materiale strutturale richiedono l'applicazione di una barriera protettiva sopra l'acciaio strutturale del breeding blanket in contatto con il piombo-litio. Rivestimenti amorfi di allumina fabbricati tramite deposizione a laser pulsato sono un candidato promettente, tuttavia soffrono di alcune problematiche di compatibilità con il litio presente nell'eutettico. In questo lavoro, due rivestimenti ceramici basati su allumina progettati da X-Nano, chiamati FUSION-1 e FUSION-2, sono stati depositati tramite deposizione a laser pulsato e successivamente caratterizzati. Trattamenti termici tramite ricottura sono stati effettuati col fine di valutare la stabilità termica dei due rivestimenti tramite misure di diffrazione di raggi X e osservazioni con un microscopio a scansione elettronica. La densità di massa è stata calcolata tramite misure di riflettività di raggi X. Un fattore di correzione è stato pensato per considerare la deviazione rispetto all'allumina pura della composizione dei materiali studiati. L'ellissometria e la spettroscopia Brillouin sono state usate per valutare l'indice di rifrazione. Infine, un'analisi meccanica è stata svolta combinando i valori di densità e indice di rifrazione con la spettroscopia Brillouin. Il modulo di Young e il coefficiente di Poisson sono stati determinati con grande precisione. Il rivestimento FUSION-1 ha ottenuto i risultati migliori, mostrando un buon potenziale come rivestimento protettivo da utilizzare nei breeding blanket a piombo-litio.
Novel alumina-based nanoceramic coatings for nuclear fusion applications
CALDARINI, GABRIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
The water-cooled lead-lithium concept for the EU-DEMO fusion reactor breeding blanket poses several engineering challenges to address. The corrosive action of the lead-lithium eutectic and the permeation of tritium through the structural material impose the application of a protective coating over the structural steel of the breeding blanket in contact with the eutectic. Amorphous alumina coatings grown by pulsed laser deposition are a promising candidate, but present some compatibility issues with the lithium in the eutectic. In this work, two alumina-based ceramic coatings designed by X-Nano, called FUSION-1 and FUSION-2, have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition and characterized. Thermal annealings were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the two coatings with the help of X-ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The mass density was evaluated through X-ray reflectivity. A correction factor was conceptualized to take into account the deviation of the composition from pure alumina. The refractive index have been evaluated through both Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Brillouin Spectroscopy. Finally, a mechanical analysis was carried out combining the density and refractive index information with Brillouin Spectroscopy. The Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio have been calculated with a high degree of accuracy. FUSION-1 has achieved superior results, showing potential as a protective coating to be used in a water-cooled lead-lithium breeding blanket.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_07_Caldarini_Thesis_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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2025_07_Caldarini_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240959