One of the most common cancers in males globally and a major contributor to cancer-related death is prostate cancer. Despite localized disease is sometimes curable with surgery, most prostate cancer deaths are caused by metastatic disease, the spread of cancer to other organs, especially to the bone. The interaction between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the vascular endothelium under shear stress is a crucial stage in the metastatic progression. Years after primary tumor resection, metastatic relapse is common and more common in males over 65, who are also at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular inflammation linked to CVD, which is linked to aging and chronic inflammatory states, is increasingly being implicated as a potential catalyst for the progression and recurrence of metastases. CTC infiltration into distant organs is facilitated by chronic vascular inflammation, which compromises endothelial integrity and encourages a pro-adhesive endothelial phenotype. Using a 3D microfluidic Vasculature-on-a-Chip model, this thesis examines the effects of proinflammatory cytokines associated with CVD, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, on prostate cancer cell adhesion to activated primary endothelial cells . Through a cylindrical primary endothelium monolayer embedded within a fibrin-coated 3D extracellular matrix, the platform replicates the human vasculature, to study cancer cell adhesion to inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction under shear stress mimicking hemodynamic conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultivated to create a 3D endothelial lumen. I Treatment with inflammatory CVD related cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (1 ng/mL) in combination, induced endothelial barrier disruption, by enhanced permeability to 4 kDa dextran and disarray of VE-Cadherin junctions and actin cytoskeleton observed by immunofluorescence. PC3 cells, an androgen-resistant prostate cancer line with a high propensity for bone metastases, were used as a prostate cancer model to assess cancer cell-endothelial interactions under flow. Using a flow-based real-time high content imaging we observed an increase of adhesion of PC3 cell attachment to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma treated endothelium when compared to control. These preliminary results suggest that human primary endothelial activation in CVD-related inflammatory conditions contribute to early steps of metastatic progression by increasing cancer cell adhesion under shear-stress to the cylindrical endothelial monolayer. We set up a model to study CVD-driven inflammation in metastatic biology in a 3D Vasculature-on-a-Chip model was, which offered a physiologically appropriate system to analyse dynamic interplay between prostate cancer cells and activated primary endothelium. Targeting endothelial inflammation or its downstream effectors may reduce the incidence of metastases in patients with prostate cancer with cardiovascular disease comorbidity
Il cancro alla prostata è uno dei tumori più diffusi tra gli uomini a livello globale e una delle principali cause di morte per cancro. Sebbene la malattia localizzata sia talvolta curabile con un intervento chirurgico, la maggior parte dei decessi per cancro alla prostata è causata dalla malattia metastatica, ovvero dalla diffusione del cancro ad altri organi, in particolare alle ossa. L'interazione tra le cellule tumorali circolanti (CTC) e l'endotelio vascolare sotto stress da taglio è una fase cruciale nella progressione metastatica. Anni dopo la resezione del tumore primario, la recidiva metastatica è comune e più frequente negli uomini di età superiore ai 65 anni, che sono anche a maggior rischio di malattie cardiovascolari (CVD). L'infiammazione vascolare legata alle CVD, a sua volta collegata all'invecchiamento e agli stati infiammatori cronici, è sempre più implicata come potenziale catalizzatore della progressione e della recidiva delle metastasi. L'infiltrazione delle CTC in organi distanti è facilitata dall'infiammazione vascolare cronica, che compromette l'integrità endoteliale e favorisce un fenotipo endoteliale pro-adesivo. Utilizzando un modello microfluidico 3D Vasculature-on-a-Chip, questa tesi esamina gli effetti delle citochine proinfiammatorie associate alle CVD, TNF-alfa e IFN-gamma, sull'adesione delle cellule tumorali della prostata alle cellule endoteliali primarie attivate. Attraverso un monostrato endoteliale primario cilindrico incorporato in una matrice extracellulare 3D rivestita di fibrina, la piattaforma replica il sistema vascolare umano per studiare l'adesione delle cellule tumorali alla disfunzione endoteliale indotta dall'infiammazione sotto stress da taglio che imita le condizioni emodinamiche. Sono state coltivate cellule endoteliali della vena ombelicale umana (HUVEC) per creare un lume endoteliale 3D. I Il trattamento con citochine infiammatorie correlate alle CVD TNF-alfa e IFN-gamma (1 ng/mL) in combinazione ha indotto la rottura della barriera endoteliale, aumentando la permeabilità al destrano da 4 kDa e causando il disordine delle giunzioni VE-Cadherin e del citoscheletro dell'actina osservato mediante immunofluorescenza. Le cellule PC3, una linea di cancro alla prostata resistente agli androgeni con un'elevata propensione alle metastasi ossee, sono state utilizzate come modello di cancro alla prostata per valutare le interazioni tra cellule tumorali ed endotelio sotto flusso. Utilizzando un'immagine ad alto contenuto in tempo reale basata sul flusso, abbiamo osservato un aumento dell'adesione delle cellule PC3 all'endotelio trattato con TNF-alfa e IFN-gamma rispetto al controllo. Questi risultati preliminari suggeriscono che l'attivazione endoteliale primaria umana in condizioni infiammatorie correlate alle CVD contribuisce alle prime fasi della progressione metastatica aumentando l'adesione delle cellule tumorali sotto sforzo di taglio al monostrato endoteliale cilindrico. Abbiamo creato un modello per studiare l'infiammazione causata dalle CVD nella biologia metastatica in un modello 3D Vasculature-on-a-Chip, che ha offerto un sistema fisiologicamente appropriato per analizzare l'interazione dinamica tra le cellule tumorali della prostata e l'endotelio primario attivato. Il targeting dell'infiammazione endoteliale o dei suoi effettori a valle può ridurre l'incidenza delle metastasi nei pazienti con cancro alla prostata e comorbilità cardiovascolare.
Exploring the impact of cardiovascular desease-related inflammation on prostate cancer metastasis using a 3D vasculature-on-a-chip model
COLOMBO, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
One of the most common cancers in males globally and a major contributor to cancer-related death is prostate cancer. Despite localized disease is sometimes curable with surgery, most prostate cancer deaths are caused by metastatic disease, the spread of cancer to other organs, especially to the bone. The interaction between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the vascular endothelium under shear stress is a crucial stage in the metastatic progression. Years after primary tumor resection, metastatic relapse is common and more common in males over 65, who are also at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular inflammation linked to CVD, which is linked to aging and chronic inflammatory states, is increasingly being implicated as a potential catalyst for the progression and recurrence of metastases. CTC infiltration into distant organs is facilitated by chronic vascular inflammation, which compromises endothelial integrity and encourages a pro-adhesive endothelial phenotype. Using a 3D microfluidic Vasculature-on-a-Chip model, this thesis examines the effects of proinflammatory cytokines associated with CVD, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, on prostate cancer cell adhesion to activated primary endothelial cells . Through a cylindrical primary endothelium monolayer embedded within a fibrin-coated 3D extracellular matrix, the platform replicates the human vasculature, to study cancer cell adhesion to inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction under shear stress mimicking hemodynamic conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultivated to create a 3D endothelial lumen. I Treatment with inflammatory CVD related cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (1 ng/mL) in combination, induced endothelial barrier disruption, by enhanced permeability to 4 kDa dextran and disarray of VE-Cadherin junctions and actin cytoskeleton observed by immunofluorescence. PC3 cells, an androgen-resistant prostate cancer line with a high propensity for bone metastases, were used as a prostate cancer model to assess cancer cell-endothelial interactions under flow. Using a flow-based real-time high content imaging we observed an increase of adhesion of PC3 cell attachment to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma treated endothelium when compared to control. These preliminary results suggest that human primary endothelial activation in CVD-related inflammatory conditions contribute to early steps of metastatic progression by increasing cancer cell adhesion under shear-stress to the cylindrical endothelial monolayer. We set up a model to study CVD-driven inflammation in metastatic biology in a 3D Vasculature-on-a-Chip model was, which offered a physiologically appropriate system to analyse dynamic interplay between prostate cancer cells and activated primary endothelium. Targeting endothelial inflammation or its downstream effectors may reduce the incidence of metastases in patients with prostate cancer with cardiovascular disease comorbidityFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/240998