This thesis addresses the increasingly complex challenges faced by national parks worldwide, where rising visitor numbers, environmental pressures, and limited staffing have strained traditional management systems. Focusing on Stelvio National Park in northern Italy—one of the largest and most ecologically diverse protected areas in the Alps—the research identifies a growing imbalance between the need for effective conservation and the limited capacity of rangers to respond promptly to ecological threats, manage tourist behavior, and maintain public safety. Existing patrol systems, often reliant on outdated tools such as walkie-talkies, paper maps, and non-integrated GPS devices, are no longer sufficient in the face of growing operational demands. To address this, the thesis proposes a forward-looking design solution: an integrated UAV-AR patrol support system that synergistically combines Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Augmented Reality (AR) glasses. UAVs offer aerial surveillance, real-time environmental monitoring, and data collection capabilities, while AR glasses provide ground personnel with intuitive, heads-up access to critical mission information, enabling hands-free coordination and faster decision-making. By facilitating seamless air-to-ground communication, this system improves situational awareness, shortens response times, and reduces the cognitive burden on park rangers operating in challenging outdoor environments. The proposed system was conceptualized through an in-depth study of the specific geographic, ecological, and managerial characteristics of Stelvio National Park. Field conditions such as high-altitude terrain,dispersed biodiversity zones, and se- asonal visitor surges make the park a compelling case study for testing such advanced technologies. Drawing from precedents in conservation technology, market research, and drone engineering, the design integrates features like autonomous UAV mission deployment, AR visual overlays for real-time alerts and navigation, and mobile app interfaces for task coordination and data synchronization. This design proposal aims not only to fill existing gaps in park management but also to offer a scalable framework for protected areas worldwide. By enhancing operational efficiency, reinforcing ecological monitoring, and enabling data-driven management, the UAV-AR system represents a significant step forward in the application of frontier technologies for sustainable conservation. The thesis concludes that the integration of UAVs and AR has the potential to redefine ranger workflows, turning reactive patrols into proactive, informed interventions that are better aligned with the dynamic realities of modern protected area management.
Questa tesi affronta le sfide sempre più complesse che i parchi nazionali affrontano a livello globale, dove l’aumento dei visitatori, le pressioni ambientali e la carenza di personale mettono a dura prova i tradizionali sistemi di gestione. Concentrandosi sul Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, situato nel nord Italia — una delle aree protette più estese e con maggiore biodiversità delle Alpi — la ricerca evidenzia un crescente squilibrio tra la necessità di una conservazione efficace e la limitata capacità dei guardiaparco di rispondere tempestivamente alle minacce ecologiche, gestire il comportamento dei turisti e garantire la sicurezza pubblica. I sistemi di pattugliamento attualmente in uso, spesso basati su strumenti obsoleti come walkie-talkie, mappe cartacee e dispositivi GPS non integrati, non sono più sufficienti per affrontare le crescenti esigenze operative. Per rispondere a tali esigenze, la tesi propone una soluzione progettuale orientata al futuro: un sistema integrato di supporto al pattugliamento basato sull’uso sinergico di droni (UAV) e occhiali per realtà aumentata (AR). I droni forniscono sorveglianza aerea, monitoraggio ambientale in tempo reale e raccolta dati, mentre gli occhiali AR permettono al personale di terra di accedere in modo intuitivo e a mani libere a informazioni critiche per la missione, favorendo un coordinamento rapido e decisioni più efficaci. Grazie alla comunicazione fluida tra aria e terra, il sistema migliora la consapevolezza situazionale, riduce i tempi di risposta e alleggerisce il carico cognitivo dei guardiaparco, operativi in ambienti esterni complessi. Il sistema proposto è stato concettualizzato attraverso uno studio approfondito delle caratteristiche geografiche, ecologiche e gestionali specifiche del Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio. Condizioni di campo come il terreno ad alta quota, le zone di biodiversità sparse e l’afflusso stagionale di visitatori rendono il parco un caso studio ideale per testare queste tecnologie avanzate. Basandosi su precedenti nell’ambito della tecnologia per la conservazione, della ricerca di mercato e dell’ingegneria dei droni, il progetto integra funzionalità come missioni UAV autonome, sovrapposizioni visive in AR per allerte e navigazione in tempo reale, e un’interfaccia mobile per il coordinamento delle attività e la sincronizzazione dei dati. La proposta progettuale mira non solo a colmare le attuali lacune nella gestione dei parchi, ma anche a offrire un modello scalabile per le aree protette di tutto il mondo. Migliorando l’efficienza operativa, rafforzando il monitoraggio ecologico e consentendo una gestione basata sui dati, il sistema UAV-AR rappresenta un passo significativo nell'applicazione di tecnologie avanzate per la conservazione sostenibile. La tesi conclude che l’integrazione tra UAV e AR ha il potenziale per ridefinire i flussi di lavoro dei guardiaparco, trasformando le pattuglie reattive in interventi proattivi e informati, meglio allineati con le esigenze dinamiche della gestione moderna delle aree protette.
An integrated UAV-AR system designed for enhancing ranger efficiency in National Parks
You, Haoran
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis addresses the increasingly complex challenges faced by national parks worldwide, where rising visitor numbers, environmental pressures, and limited staffing have strained traditional management systems. Focusing on Stelvio National Park in northern Italy—one of the largest and most ecologically diverse protected areas in the Alps—the research identifies a growing imbalance between the need for effective conservation and the limited capacity of rangers to respond promptly to ecological threats, manage tourist behavior, and maintain public safety. Existing patrol systems, often reliant on outdated tools such as walkie-talkies, paper maps, and non-integrated GPS devices, are no longer sufficient in the face of growing operational demands. To address this, the thesis proposes a forward-looking design solution: an integrated UAV-AR patrol support system that synergistically combines Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Augmented Reality (AR) glasses. UAVs offer aerial surveillance, real-time environmental monitoring, and data collection capabilities, while AR glasses provide ground personnel with intuitive, heads-up access to critical mission information, enabling hands-free coordination and faster decision-making. By facilitating seamless air-to-ground communication, this system improves situational awareness, shortens response times, and reduces the cognitive burden on park rangers operating in challenging outdoor environments. The proposed system was conceptualized through an in-depth study of the specific geographic, ecological, and managerial characteristics of Stelvio National Park. Field conditions such as high-altitude terrain,dispersed biodiversity zones, and se- asonal visitor surges make the park a compelling case study for testing such advanced technologies. Drawing from precedents in conservation technology, market research, and drone engineering, the design integrates features like autonomous UAV mission deployment, AR visual overlays for real-time alerts and navigation, and mobile app interfaces for task coordination and data synchronization. This design proposal aims not only to fill existing gaps in park management but also to offer a scalable framework for protected areas worldwide. By enhancing operational efficiency, reinforcing ecological monitoring, and enabling data-driven management, the UAV-AR system represents a significant step forward in the application of frontier technologies for sustainable conservation. The thesis concludes that the integration of UAVs and AR has the potential to redefine ranger workflows, turning reactive patrols into proactive, informed interventions that are better aligned with the dynamic realities of modern protected area management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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An Integrated UAV–AR System Designed for Enhancing Ranger Efficiency in National Parks-Haoran You.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/241012