This thesis explores the role of offshore wind in the Italian electricity market, with the 7 Seas Med project serving as a case study. The research begins with an overview of the Italian electricity system and the policy framework supporting the energy transition, before focusing on the FER2 decree, which introduces competitive auctions for offshore wind capacity. The analysis identifies a series of challenges that hinder the development of offshore wind in Italy. These include lengthy and uncertain authorization procedures, the need for significant upgrades to port infrastructure, high transmission costs borne directly by developers, limited market incentives, policy delays, and issues of social acceptance. The case study further illustrates how these barriers manifest in practice, highlighting the gap between theoretical regulatory timelines and actual project development. Despite these difficulties, offshore wind emerges as a strategic opportunity for Italy. It has the potential to stabilize electricity prices, enhance the resilience of the energy system, and contribute significantly to national decarbonization targets. In addition, it can stimulate the domestic supply chain by supporting sectors such as metallurgy, shipbuilding, and port logistics, while creating long-term employment opportunities. The thesis concludes that offshore wind could play a decisive role in shaping both the energy and industrial future of Italy. However, realizing this potential will depend on clear political commitment, regulatory certainty, and timely investments in infrastructure.
La presente tesi analizza il ruolo dell’eolico offshore nel mercato elettrico italiano, utilizzando il progetto 7 Seas Med come caso di studio. La ricerca parte da una descrizione del sistema elettrico nazionale e del quadro normativo a supporto della transizione energetica, per poi concentrarsi sul decreto FER2, che introduce aste competitive per l’assegnazione della capacità eolica offshore. Dall’analisi emergono diverse sfide che ostacolano lo sviluppo dell’eolico offshore in Italia: procedure autorizzative lunghe e incerte, necessità di importanti investimenti nelle infrastrutture portuali, elevati costi di trasmissione a carico degli sviluppatori, incentivi di mercato limitati, ritardi politici e questioni legate all’accettazione sociale. Il caso studio mostra come tali criticità si traducano nella pratica, mettendo in evidenza il divario tra le tempistiche previste dalla normativa e quelle effettive dei progetti. Nonostante le difficoltà, l’eolico offshore si conferma una grande opportunità strategica per l’Italia. Può contribuire a stabilizzare i prezzi dell’energia, rafforzare la sicurezza del sistema elettrico e favorire il raggiungimento degli obiettivi di decarbonizzazione. Inoltre, può stimolare la filiera industriale nazionale, sostenendo settori come la metallurgia, la cantieristica navale e la logistica portuale, oltre a generare nuove opportunità occupazionali nel lungo termine. La tesi conclude che l’eolico offshore rappresenta una risorsa decisiva per il futuro energetico e industriale del Paese. Tuttavia, il pieno sfruttamento del suo potenziale richiede impegno politico, certezza regolatoria e investimenti tempestivi nelle infrastrutture.
Italian electricity system and the role of offshore wind
Inzerillo, Chiara
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the role of offshore wind in the Italian electricity market, with the 7 Seas Med project serving as a case study. The research begins with an overview of the Italian electricity system and the policy framework supporting the energy transition, before focusing on the FER2 decree, which introduces competitive auctions for offshore wind capacity. The analysis identifies a series of challenges that hinder the development of offshore wind in Italy. These include lengthy and uncertain authorization procedures, the need for significant upgrades to port infrastructure, high transmission costs borne directly by developers, limited market incentives, policy delays, and issues of social acceptance. The case study further illustrates how these barriers manifest in practice, highlighting the gap between theoretical regulatory timelines and actual project development. Despite these difficulties, offshore wind emerges as a strategic opportunity for Italy. It has the potential to stabilize electricity prices, enhance the resilience of the energy system, and contribute significantly to national decarbonization targets. In addition, it can stimulate the domestic supply chain by supporting sectors such as metallurgy, shipbuilding, and port logistics, while creating long-term employment opportunities. The thesis concludes that offshore wind could play a decisive role in shaping both the energy and industrial future of Italy. However, realizing this potential will depend on clear political commitment, regulatory certainty, and timely investments in infrastructure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Italian Electricity System and the Role of Offshore Wind
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/242777