Conventional railway station planning strategies consist of infrastructure sizing based on aggregated data, estimations and average values. Usually, this information is collected in the theoretical worst conditions, i.e. the ones occurring during the peak hour. However, this kind of approach neglects details that may be achieved only having a clear evolution of station performance overtime. In fact, critical situations may arise in restricted time intervals, leading to average values that are not able to reflect them. The thesis proposes a new methodology to carry out station planning and design applied to the real case study of Milano San Cristoforo railway station. A first analysis is conducted to study an As-Is scenario. A macroscopic model of Milan metropolitan area is used to gain insights about the trains load operating in San Cristoforo during the analysis period. Then, these values are used as input to a station microscopic model to achieve results of the station levels of service and of their variations during the entire analysis period. The integrated model developed was then applied to two additional scenarios: Business As Usual and To-Be. The Business As Usual scenario considers the implementation of urbanistic interventions involving the area where the station is located, the introduction of new railway services as well as the closure of another station on the same railway line. Through the macroscopic model these changes were simulated, and the output were used to update the microscopic model, which enabled to achieve the expected station performance variations in the Business-As-Usual scenario. The To-Be scenario embeds the same changes reproduced in the Business-As-Usual scenario, together with some hypothetical infrastructural interventions simulated in the microscopic model which are expected to improve station performance. The proposed methodology proved to be effective in achieving more detailed and meaningful results about station utilization, especially if compared to traditional planning approaches. The integrated model turned out to be a useful tool not only to assess the current stations performance, but also to predict how this may change under different scenarios. Furthermore, the fact that the methodology accounts both for macroscopic and microscopic dimensions allowed to carry out an analysis of stations as part of a broader transportation and urbanistic context, where changes to macroscopic scale are reflected also in the microscopic one.
Gli approcci tradizionali di progettazione delle stazioni ferroviarie usano strategie di dimensionamento che si basano su dati aggregati, stime e valori medi. Normalmente, queste informazioni riguardano lo scenario peggiore, ossia quello che si verifica durante l’ora di punta. Tuttavia, questo approccio trascura informazioni utili che potrebbero essere ottenute solamente avendo una chiara evoluzione delle prestazioni della stazione nel tempo. Infatti, situazioni critiche possono verificarsi in brevi intervalli, e questo porta ad ottenere valori medi che non sono effettivamente in grado di riflette tali criticità. La tesi si propone di affrontare la pianificazione delle stazioni attraverso una nuova metodologia, applicata ad un reale caso studio incentrato sulla stazione di Milano San Cristoforo. Una prima analisi viene effettuata per studiare lo scenario attuale (scenario As-Is). Viene utilizzato un modello macroscopico della città di Milano per ottenere i valori di carico dei treni che fermano a San Cristoforo durante il periodo di analisi. Successivamente, questi valori vengono usati come input di un modello microscopico, in modo tale da ottenere risultati sui livelli di servizio della stazione e delle loro variazioni durante l’intero periodo di analisi. Il modello integrato sviluppato viene utilizzato per studiare due ulteriori scenari: Business-As-Usual e To-Be. Lo scenario BusinessAs-Usual considera l’implementazione di alcuni interventi urbanistici che coinvolgono l’area della stazione, l’introduzione di nuovi servizi ferroviari e la chiusura di un’altra stazione sulla stessa linea ferroviaria. Attraverso il modello macroscopico questi cambiamenti sono stati simulati, e i valori di output sono stati usati per aggiornare il modello microscopico, che ha permesso di ottenere la variazione delle prestazioni della stazione rispetto allo scenario attuale. Lo scenario To-Be considera invece gli stessi cambiamenti simulati nello scenario Business-As-Usual, assieme ad alcuni ipotetici interventi infrastrutturali simulati nel modello microscopico, individuati con lo scopo di migliorare la performance della stazione. La metodologia usata si è dimostrata essere una valida strategia che ha permesso di ottenere risultati più significativi e dettagliati rispetto a quelli ottenuti attraverso le classiche strategie di pianificazione delle stazioni. Il modello integrato si è rivelato essere un utile strumento non solo per valutare le prestazioni della stazione nelle condizioni attuali, ma anche per predire come esse possano variare considerando diversi scenari. Inoltre, il fatto che la metodologia consideri sia la dimensione macroscopica che quella microscopica, ha permesso di svolgere un’analisi della stazione come parte di un contesto trasportistico e urbanistico più ampio, dove modifiche apportate su scala macroscopica si riversano anche in quella microscopica
Development and application of an integrated macro-micro modelling framework for station planning and design
Meola, Luca
2024/2025
Abstract
Conventional railway station planning strategies consist of infrastructure sizing based on aggregated data, estimations and average values. Usually, this information is collected in the theoretical worst conditions, i.e. the ones occurring during the peak hour. However, this kind of approach neglects details that may be achieved only having a clear evolution of station performance overtime. In fact, critical situations may arise in restricted time intervals, leading to average values that are not able to reflect them. The thesis proposes a new methodology to carry out station planning and design applied to the real case study of Milano San Cristoforo railway station. A first analysis is conducted to study an As-Is scenario. A macroscopic model of Milan metropolitan area is used to gain insights about the trains load operating in San Cristoforo during the analysis period. Then, these values are used as input to a station microscopic model to achieve results of the station levels of service and of their variations during the entire analysis period. The integrated model developed was then applied to two additional scenarios: Business As Usual and To-Be. The Business As Usual scenario considers the implementation of urbanistic interventions involving the area where the station is located, the introduction of new railway services as well as the closure of another station on the same railway line. Through the macroscopic model these changes were simulated, and the output were used to update the microscopic model, which enabled to achieve the expected station performance variations in the Business-As-Usual scenario. The To-Be scenario embeds the same changes reproduced in the Business-As-Usual scenario, together with some hypothetical infrastructural interventions simulated in the microscopic model which are expected to improve station performance. The proposed methodology proved to be effective in achieving more detailed and meaningful results about station utilization, especially if compared to traditional planning approaches. The integrated model turned out to be a useful tool not only to assess the current stations performance, but also to predict how this may change under different scenarios. Furthermore, the fact that the methodology accounts both for macroscopic and microscopic dimensions allowed to carry out an analysis of stations as part of a broader transportation and urbanistic context, where changes to macroscopic scale are reflected also in the microscopic one.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_10_Meola_Tesi_01.pdf
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2025_10_Meola_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/242802