In the United States, approximately 30% of existing bridges are classified as substandard, where many structures experiencing collapse or severe damage. The New York Department of Transportation (NYDOT) has developed a database on bridge failure cases, identifying the main vulnerabilities: hydraulic, steel and concrete-related, collision, seismic events, and overloads. Among the most frequent causes are foundation scour and steel corrosion, often preventable through maintenance programs and periodic inspections, including underwater surveys. Investigations into damage to bridges have also been conducted in Italy and Europe and it has been found that the most frequent cause of collapse is due to scour. In recent decades, vibration-based methods (VBMs) have gained relevance for structural health monitoring (SHM), as they allow for the detection of damage and stiffness variations without direct access to the compromised parts of a structure. This thesis proposes the use of the Interpolation Error Method (IEM) to localize damage on an asymmetric bridge caused by scour. The bridge is modelled using a FEM model in Midas Civil, including pier foundations where the boundaries are simulated with springs according to the Winkler model. Scour is simulated progressively by removing springs corresponding to the erosion depth, and the dynamic response of the structure is analysed. The interpolation error between the undamaged and current configurations allows for identifying local variations in the operational deformed shape, thus locating the damage, and estimating its severity. This study presents two scenarios: an asymmetric bridge with one damaged pier and an asymmetric bridge with two damaged piers. To investigate the role of asymmetry in the result is also presented a symmetric bridge with a single pier affected by scour. The comparison of results demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in identifying and localizing damage, with particular attention to the complexities of asymmetric bridges.
Negli Stati Uniti, circa il 30% dei ponti esistenti è classificato come sottostandard, dove molte strutture sono soggette a crolli o gravi danni. Il New York Department of Transportation (NYDOT) ha sviluppato un database sui casi di collasso dei ponti, individuando le principali vulnerabilità che sono idrauliche, legate all’acciaio e al calcestruzzo, dovute a collisioni, eventi sismici e sovraccarichi. Tra le cause più frequenti si segnalano lo scalzamento delle fondazioni e la corrosione dell’acciaio, spesso prevenibili mediante programmi di manutenzione e ispezioni periodiche, anche subacquee. Anche in Italia e in Europa sono state condotte delle indagini sul danneggiamento dei ponti ed è stato riscontrato che la causa di collasso più frequente è dovuta allo scalzamento. Negli ultimi decenni, i metodi basati sulle vibrazioni (VBM, Vibration-Based Methods) hanno acquisito rilevanza per il monitoraggio della salute strutturale (SHM), poiché consentono di identificare danni e variazioni di rigidezza senza accesso diretto alle parti compromesse della struttura. In questo lavoro di tesi si propone l’utilizzo dell’Interpolation Error Method (IEM) per la localizzazione dei danni causati dallo scalzamento su un ponte asimmetrico. Il ponte viene modellato mediante un modello FEM su Midas Civil, comprendente le fondazioni delle pile, i cui vincoli sono simulati con molle secondo il modello di Winkler. Lo scalzamento viene riprodotto progressivamente rimuovendo le molle corrispondenti alla profondità di erosione e analizzando la risposta dinamica della struttura. L’errore di interpolazione tra la configurazione non danneggiata e quella corrente permette di identificare variazioni locali della forma deformata operativa e, di conseguenza, di individuare la posizione e l’entità del danno. La tesi presenta due casi di studio: un ponte asimmetrico con una pila danneggiata e un ponte asimmetrico con due pile danneggiate. Per spiegare il ruolo dell’asimmetria è stato anche realizzato un ponte simmetrico con una sola pila interessata dallo scalzamento. Il confronto dei risultati evidenzia l’efficacia del metodo nell’individuare e localizzare i danni, con particolare attenzione alla complessità dei ponti asimmetrici.
Localizzazione del danno da scalzamento su un ponte asimmetrico utilizzando l'Interpolation Error Method
NUZZO, ARIANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
In the United States, approximately 30% of existing bridges are classified as substandard, where many structures experiencing collapse or severe damage. The New York Department of Transportation (NYDOT) has developed a database on bridge failure cases, identifying the main vulnerabilities: hydraulic, steel and concrete-related, collision, seismic events, and overloads. Among the most frequent causes are foundation scour and steel corrosion, often preventable through maintenance programs and periodic inspections, including underwater surveys. Investigations into damage to bridges have also been conducted in Italy and Europe and it has been found that the most frequent cause of collapse is due to scour. In recent decades, vibration-based methods (VBMs) have gained relevance for structural health monitoring (SHM), as they allow for the detection of damage and stiffness variations without direct access to the compromised parts of a structure. This thesis proposes the use of the Interpolation Error Method (IEM) to localize damage on an asymmetric bridge caused by scour. The bridge is modelled using a FEM model in Midas Civil, including pier foundations where the boundaries are simulated with springs according to the Winkler model. Scour is simulated progressively by removing springs corresponding to the erosion depth, and the dynamic response of the structure is analysed. The interpolation error between the undamaged and current configurations allows for identifying local variations in the operational deformed shape, thus locating the damage, and estimating its severity. This study presents two scenarios: an asymmetric bridge with one damaged pier and an asymmetric bridge with two damaged piers. To investigate the role of asymmetry in the result is also presented a symmetric bridge with a single pier affected by scour. The comparison of results demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in identifying and localizing damage, with particular attention to the complexities of asymmetric bridges.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI ARIANNA NUZZO V3.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi sulla localizzazione del danno da scalzamento tramite l'Interpolation Error Method
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243129