The ageing workforce is currently one of the most important challenges concerning the labor market. The demographic trend will indeed lead to a gradual increase in the median age among the working population, with significant consequences for productivity and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). In this regard, the rise in retirement age across many countries constitutes a further factor that reinforces this phenomenon. At the same time, technological innovation represents a crucial driver for the redesign of workplaces and organizational strategies, creating simultaneously both opportunities and risks for older workers. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand how organizational and technological strategies, as well as training approaches, can be leveraged to maintain workplace well-being, safety, and productivity in an ageing context, also leveraging intrinsic potential of individuals. The research follows a two-phase methodology. Firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to identify relevant research gaps and the key factors linking ageing workforce with workplace conditions. From this review, a conceptual research framework was developed, to map the relevant drivers and their interactions, as well as the research questions. Subsequently, a series of semi-structured interviews with OSH experts, including academics and company representatives, were conducted to discuss the framework, answer the questions developed and comprehend how proposed strategies are actually applied by companies. Findings highlight the contribution of flexible work measures, including job redesign, blended work and temporal leeway, in promoting a more sustainable type of work for older employees. In turn, technologies emerged as a double-edged factor: assistive devices such as exoskeletons and collaborative robots were confirmed as effective tools to reduce physical strain, while Virtual Reality and ICTs demonstrated potential to enhance both operational support and training. Furthermore, learning approaches, including peer learning and senior mentoring, were identified as potential enablers to improve older workers’ motivation and encourage knowledge sharing.
L’invecchiamento della forza lavoro rappresenta attualmente una delle sfide più rilevanti per il mercato del lavoro. Questa tendenza demografica porterà infatti a un progressivo aumento dell’età media della popolazione lavorativa, con conseguenze significative sulla produttività e sulla Salute e Sicurezza sul Lavoro (SSL). A questo proposito, l’innalzamento dell’età pensionabile in molti paesi costituisce un ulteriore fattore che rafforza il fenomeno. Allo stesso tempo, l’innovazione tecnologica rappresenta un driver cruciale per il ripensamento dei luoghi di lavoro e delle strategie organizzative, creando al contempo opportunità e rischi per i lavoratori più anziani. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quindi comprendere come strategie organizzative e tecnologiche, insieme agli approcci formativi, possano essere utilizzati per mantenere benessere, sicurezza e produttività nei contesti caratterizzati da invecchiamento, valorizzando al tempo stesso le potenzialità intrinseche degli individui. La ricerca segue una metodologia articolata in due fasi. In primo luogo, è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura al fine di individuare le principali lacune nella ricerca e i fattori chiave che collegano l’invecchiamento della forza lavoro con le condizioni di lavoro. Da questa analisi è stato sviluppato un framework concettuale di ricerca, utile a mappare i driver rilevanti e le loro interazioni, nonché le domande di ricerca. Successivamente, sono state condotte interviste semi-strutturate con esperti di SSL, tra cui accademici e rappresentanti aziendali, per discutere il framework, rispondere alle domande formulate e comprendere come le strategie proposte vengano effettivamente applicate nelle imprese. I risultati mettono in evidenza il contributo delle misure di lavoro flessibile, tra cui job redesign, blended work e temporal leeway, nel promuovere modalità di lavoro più sostenibili per i lavoratori anziani. Le tecnologie, a loro volta, sono emerse come un fattore ambivalente: i dispositivi assistivi, come esoscheletri e cobot, sono stati confermati strumenti efficaci per ridurre il carico fisico, mentre la Realtà Virtuale e le ICT hanno dimostrato il potenziale di migliorare sia il supporto operativo che la formazione. Inoltre, approcci di apprendimento come il peer learning e il senior mentoring sono stati individuati come potenziali abilitatore nell’aumento della motivazione dei lavoratori anziani e nella condivisione della conoscenza.
Ageing workforce and workplace conditions: the role of organizational, technological, and learning strategies
MALDERA, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
The ageing workforce is currently one of the most important challenges concerning the labor market. The demographic trend will indeed lead to a gradual increase in the median age among the working population, with significant consequences for productivity and Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). In this regard, the rise in retirement age across many countries constitutes a further factor that reinforces this phenomenon. At the same time, technological innovation represents a crucial driver for the redesign of workplaces and organizational strategies, creating simultaneously both opportunities and risks for older workers. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand how organizational and technological strategies, as well as training approaches, can be leveraged to maintain workplace well-being, safety, and productivity in an ageing context, also leveraging intrinsic potential of individuals. The research follows a two-phase methodology. Firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to identify relevant research gaps and the key factors linking ageing workforce with workplace conditions. From this review, a conceptual research framework was developed, to map the relevant drivers and their interactions, as well as the research questions. Subsequently, a series of semi-structured interviews with OSH experts, including academics and company representatives, were conducted to discuss the framework, answer the questions developed and comprehend how proposed strategies are actually applied by companies. Findings highlight the contribution of flexible work measures, including job redesign, blended work and temporal leeway, in promoting a more sustainable type of work for older employees. In turn, technologies emerged as a double-edged factor: assistive devices such as exoskeletons and collaborative robots were confirmed as effective tools to reduce physical strain, while Virtual Reality and ICTs demonstrated potential to enhance both operational support and training. Furthermore, learning approaches, including peer learning and senior mentoring, were identified as potential enablers to improve older workers’ motivation and encourage knowledge sharing.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_10_Maldera_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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2025_10_Maldera_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243173