Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) have emerged as a key tool to facilitate the energy transition empowering citizens to participate in the joint production, consumption and management of renewable electricity. By combining local renewable generation with demand-side flexibility, RECs can increase self-consumption, reduce dependence on the external grid, and foster more resilient energy systems. This thesis investigates the coordinated management of flexibility assets within the current Italian regulatory framework, with particular attention to battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs). An optimization model based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is developed to compare cooperative scheduling, in which an aggregator controls all resources centrally, against non-cooperative strategies, where participants act individually. Simulation results across different seasons confirm that co-management improves REC operation in a systematic way. Batteries capture and re-dispatch photovoltaic excess, EVs can provide time-shifting flexibility by temporally aligning their charge with solar generation, while HPs take advantage of building inertia to shift thermal demand while ensuring indoor comfort. When operated jointly, these resources create synergies that increase shared energy exchanges by over +60\% in some scenarios, decrease stress on the upstream grid reducing community net costs by more than 25\% on an annual basis. The results illustrate that multi-asset scheduling is not only technically, but economically favorable. By coupling electricity and heat and leveraging local flexibility, cooperative strategies act as a means to reinforce sustainability and autonomy of the REC in alignment with wider policy objectives for decarbonization, energy security and affordability.
Le Comunità Energetiche Rinnovabili (CER) sono emerse come uno strumento chiave per facilitare la transizione energetica, consentendo ai cittadini di partecipare alla produzione, al consumo e alla gestione di elettricità rinnovabile. Integrando la generazione rinnovabile locale con la flessibilità lato domanda, le CER possono aumentare l’autoconsumo, ridurre la dipendenza dalla rete esterna e favorire sistemi energetici più resilienti. Questa tesi analizza la gestione coordinata degli asset di flessibilità all’interno dell’attuale quadro normativo italiano, con particolare attenzione ai sistemi di accumulo a batteria (BESS), ai veicoli elettrici (EV) e alle pompe di calore (HP). Viene sviluppato un modello di ottimizzazione, basato su programmazione lineare intera mista (MILP), per confrontare la programmazione cooperativa, in cui un aggregatore controlla centralmente tutte le risorse, con le strategie non cooperative, in cui i partecipanti agiscono individualmente. I risultati delle simulazioni, condotte in diverse stagioni, confermano che una gestione simultanea migliora in modo sistematico il funzionamento delle CER. Le batterie catturano e ridistribuiscono gli eccessi fotovoltaici, gli EV possono fornire flessibilità di spostamento temporale allineando la ricarica alla generazione solare, mentre le HP sfruttano l’inerzia termica degli edifici per spostare la domanda di calore garantendo al contempo il comfort interno. Se gestite congiuntamente, queste risorse creano sinergie che aumentano gli scambi di energia condivisa di oltre il +60\% in alcuni scenari, riducono lo stress sulla rete a monte e diminuiscono i costi netti della comunità di oltre il 25\% su base annua. I risultati mostrano che la programmazione multi-asset non è solo tecnicamente, ma anche economicamente vantaggiosa. Collegando elettricità e calore e sfruttando la flessibilità locale, le strategie cooperative rappresentano uno strumento per rafforzare la sostenibilità e l’autonomia della CER, in linea con i più ampi obiettivi politici di decarbonizzazione, sicurezza energetica e accessibilità.
Multi-asset flexibility optimization in renewable energy communities: a cooperative approach under the italian regulatory framework
Giunchi, Lorenzo
2024/2025
Abstract
Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) have emerged as a key tool to facilitate the energy transition empowering citizens to participate in the joint production, consumption and management of renewable electricity. By combining local renewable generation with demand-side flexibility, RECs can increase self-consumption, reduce dependence on the external grid, and foster more resilient energy systems. This thesis investigates the coordinated management of flexibility assets within the current Italian regulatory framework, with particular attention to battery energy storage systems (BESS), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs). An optimization model based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is developed to compare cooperative scheduling, in which an aggregator controls all resources centrally, against non-cooperative strategies, where participants act individually. Simulation results across different seasons confirm that co-management improves REC operation in a systematic way. Batteries capture and re-dispatch photovoltaic excess, EVs can provide time-shifting flexibility by temporally aligning their charge with solar generation, while HPs take advantage of building inertia to shift thermal demand while ensuring indoor comfort. When operated jointly, these resources create synergies that increase shared energy exchanges by over +60\% in some scenarios, decrease stress on the upstream grid reducing community net costs by more than 25\% on an annual basis. The results illustrate that multi-asset scheduling is not only technically, but economically favorable. By coupling electricity and heat and leveraging local flexibility, cooperative strategies act as a means to reinforce sustainability and autonomy of the REC in alignment with wider policy objectives for decarbonization, energy security and affordability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_10_Giunchi_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
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2025_10_Giunchi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243337