The conservation of the built environment and architectural heritage represents today a priority, since many historical buildings suffer from degradation and structural problems, effects that have been widely studied from the literature on the commonest typologies of masonry vaults but not equally deepened for umbrella vaults. This thesis intends to contribute to enhance the understanding of their structural behavior, through the case study of the umbrella vault in Masegra Castle (Sondrio), characterized by decorations of significant artistic value and an extended crack pattern, whose origin is intended to be identified in view of the consolidation works scheduled between 2026 and 2028. With this aim, FEM analyses were performed, in which the Concrete Damage Plasticity model was implemented, calibrated on diagnostic tests data, which allowed the simulation of the crack pattern through the configuration of the tension damage parameter. A mesh sensitivity analysis was performed, using both three-dimensional elements and plate/shell elements, which highlighted a greater reliability of quadratic elements in the prediction of the stress peaks for this typology of vaults. Furthermore, two-dimensional elements provided results totally comparable to the three-dimensional ones, with the advantage of being more efficient from the computational point of view but proving to be inadequate in the description of settlements. Finally, through an iterative procedure applied both to the vault itself and to the surrounding walls of the room, the probable ground settlement, composed by a differential displacement of the east wall with a more pronounced dip in its central part, was identified as the cause of the crack pattern. This settlement configuration was then confirmed by an XFEM analysis, providing useful information to guide a future strengthening intervention.
La conservazione dell’ambiente costruito e del patrimonio architettonico costituisce oggi una priorità, poiché molti edifici storici sono soggetti a degrado e problematiche strutturali, effetti ampiamente studiati dalla letteratura sulle tipologie di volte in muratura più diffuse, ma non altrettanto approfonditamente riguardo alle volte a ombrello. Questa tesi intende contribuire ad ampliare la conoscenza del loro comportamento strutturale, attraverso lo studio della volta a ombrello del Castel Masegra (Sondrio), caratterizzata da decorazioni dall’alto valore artistico e da un diffuso stato fessurativo, la cui origine vuole essere individuata in vista degli interventi di consolidamento previsti tra il 2026 e il 2028. Per farlo, sono state eseguite delle analisi FEM in cui è stato implementato il modello Concrete Damage Plasticity, calibrato sui dati delle prove diagnostiche, che ha permesso di simulare lo stato fessurativo attraverso la configurazione del danno in tensione. È stata eseguita una mesh sensitivity analysis, utilizzando sia elementi tridimensionali sia elementi plate/shell, che ha evidenziato una maggior affidabilità degli elementi quadratici nella predizione dei picchi tensionali per questa tipologia di volte. Inoltre, gli elementi bidimensionali hanno fornito risultati del tutto comparabili rispetto a quelli tridimensionali, con il vantaggio di essere molto più efficaci dal punto di vista computazionale ma mostrandosi inadeguati nella descrizione dei cedimenti. Infine, attraverso una procedura iterativa che ha visto coinvolti sia la volta a sé stante sia anche i muri circostanti della stanza, è stato individuato il probabile cedimento del terreno, composto da uno spostamento differenziale del muro est con un maggior abbassamento della parte centrale, come la causa del quadro fessurativo. Questa configurazione del cedimento è stata poi confermata tramite un’analisi XFEM, fornendo informazioni utili per indirizzare un futuro intervento di restauro.
Numerical analysis of masonry umbrella vaults: the Masegra Castle case study
Cavallo, Andrea
2024/2025
Abstract
The conservation of the built environment and architectural heritage represents today a priority, since many historical buildings suffer from degradation and structural problems, effects that have been widely studied from the literature on the commonest typologies of masonry vaults but not equally deepened for umbrella vaults. This thesis intends to contribute to enhance the understanding of their structural behavior, through the case study of the umbrella vault in Masegra Castle (Sondrio), characterized by decorations of significant artistic value and an extended crack pattern, whose origin is intended to be identified in view of the consolidation works scheduled between 2026 and 2028. With this aim, FEM analyses were performed, in which the Concrete Damage Plasticity model was implemented, calibrated on diagnostic tests data, which allowed the simulation of the crack pattern through the configuration of the tension damage parameter. A mesh sensitivity analysis was performed, using both three-dimensional elements and plate/shell elements, which highlighted a greater reliability of quadratic elements in the prediction of the stress peaks for this typology of vaults. Furthermore, two-dimensional elements provided results totally comparable to the three-dimensional ones, with the advantage of being more efficient from the computational point of view but proving to be inadequate in the description of settlements. Finally, through an iterative procedure applied both to the vault itself and to the surrounding walls of the room, the probable ground settlement, composed by a differential displacement of the east wall with a more pronounced dip in its central part, was identified as the cause of the crack pattern. This settlement configuration was then confirmed by an XFEM analysis, providing useful information to guide a future strengthening intervention.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243395