Patient engagement has garnered increasing recognition as a strategy to enhance the quality, relevance, and legitimacy of clinical research. Nonetheless, its implementation remains partial, often confined to symbolic or late-stage involvement and hindered by various barriers. Patient organisations are progressively acknowledged as key actors capable of mediating between patients and researchers, yet their role is not adequately integrated into research or policy frameworks. This dissertation explores patient engagement in clinical trials with a dual purpose: to evaluate how engagement is conducted in practice and to examine how patient organisations can systematically facilitate meaningful participation. The study combines a systematic literature review with thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted with Italian oncological patient organisations. This mixed approach allows for the triangulation of conceptual frameworks with empirical evidence from practice. Findings confirm that patient engagement enhances trial design, recruitment, retention, trust, and dissemination, but remains impeded by barriers such as tokenism, asymmetry of objectives, logistical and time burdens, and the lack of systematic feedback to participants. Moreover, patient organisations can support patient engagement, specifically playing a crucial role in communication and training, although they often lack formalisation and resources. The dissertation proposes several recommendations: early engagement should be institutionalised as an implementation requirement; patient organisations should manage or connect to disease-specific registries, coordinate logistical support, and act through designated liaison roles; dissemination should be planned with lay outputs at multiple stages; and training should adopt horizontal co-learning models. Systemically, advisory boards should place patient rights at their core, stakeholder fora should incorporate dissemination activities, and data collection tools should be co-designed with organisations. By synthesising literature and practice, this research contributes actionable suggestions for embedding patient organisations within engagement strategies, thereby fostering clinical trials that are more inclusive, effective, and socially responsive.
Il coinvolgimento dei pazienti ha ottenuto un riconoscimento crescente come strategia per migliorare la qualità, la rilevanza e la legittimità della ricerca clinica. Tuttavia, la sua implementazione rimane parziale, spesso limitata a forme simboliche o a fasi tardive ed è ostacolata da diverse barriere. Le organizzazioni di pazienti sono progressivamente riconosciute come attori chiave, capaci di mediare tra pazienti e ricercatori, ma il loro ruolo non è ancora integrato in modo adeguato nei processi di ricerca o nei quadri normativi. Questa tesi esplora il coinvolgimento dei pazienti nei trial clinici con un duplice obiettivo: valutare come esso venga realizzato nella pratica ed esaminare in che modo le organizzazioni di pazienti possano facilitare in maniera sistematica una partecipazione significativa. Lo studio combina una revisione sistematica della letteratura con tredici interviste semi-strutturate condotte con organizzazioni italiane di pazienti oncologici. Questo approccio misto consente di triangolare i quadri concettuali con le evidenze empiriche provenienti dalla pratica. I risultati confermano che il coinvolgimento migliora la progettazione dei trial, il reclutamento, la retention, la fiducia e la diffusione dei risultati, ma continua a essere ostacolato da barriere quali pratiche tokenistiche, asimmetria degli obiettivi, oneri logistici e temporali, nonché dalla mancanza di un feedback sistematico ai partecipanti. Inoltre, le organizzazioni di pazienti possono supportare il coinvolgimento, svolgendo in particolare un ruolo cruciale nella comunicazione e nella formazione, sebbene spesso manchino di formalizzazione e risorse. La tesi propone diverse raccomandazioni: il coinvolgimento precoce dovrebbe essere istituzionalizzato come requisito di implementazione; le organizzazioni di pazienti dovrebbero gestire o collegarsi a registri specifici di patologia, coordinare il supporto logistico e operare tramite figure di collegamento dedicate; la diffusione dei risultati dovrebbe essere pianificata e avvenire durante tutte le fasi dei trial; la formazione dovrebbe adottare modelli orizzontali di co-apprendimento. A livello sistemico, i comitati consultivi dovrebbero porre i diritti dei pazienti al centro, i fora multi-stakeholder dovrebbero integrare attività di disseminazione e gli strumenti di raccolta dati dovrebbero essere co-progettati con le organizzazioni. Sintetizzando letteratura e pratica, questa ricerca contribuisce con modelli operativi per integrare le organizzazioni di pazienti nelle strategie di coinvolgimento, promuovendo trial clinici più inclusivi, efficaci e socialmente responsivi.
Patient engagement in clinical trials: the role of patient organisations in italian oncology
SIGNORELLI, NICOLÒ;POZZONI, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
Patient engagement has garnered increasing recognition as a strategy to enhance the quality, relevance, and legitimacy of clinical research. Nonetheless, its implementation remains partial, often confined to symbolic or late-stage involvement and hindered by various barriers. Patient organisations are progressively acknowledged as key actors capable of mediating between patients and researchers, yet their role is not adequately integrated into research or policy frameworks. This dissertation explores patient engagement in clinical trials with a dual purpose: to evaluate how engagement is conducted in practice and to examine how patient organisations can systematically facilitate meaningful participation. The study combines a systematic literature review with thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted with Italian oncological patient organisations. This mixed approach allows for the triangulation of conceptual frameworks with empirical evidence from practice. Findings confirm that patient engagement enhances trial design, recruitment, retention, trust, and dissemination, but remains impeded by barriers such as tokenism, asymmetry of objectives, logistical and time burdens, and the lack of systematic feedback to participants. Moreover, patient organisations can support patient engagement, specifically playing a crucial role in communication and training, although they often lack formalisation and resources. The dissertation proposes several recommendations: early engagement should be institutionalised as an implementation requirement; patient organisations should manage or connect to disease-specific registries, coordinate logistical support, and act through designated liaison roles; dissemination should be planned with lay outputs at multiple stages; and training should adopt horizontal co-learning models. Systemically, advisory boards should place patient rights at their core, stakeholder fora should incorporate dissemination activities, and data collection tools should be co-designed with organisations. By synthesising literature and practice, this research contributes actionable suggestions for embedding patient organisations within engagement strategies, thereby fostering clinical trials that are more inclusive, effective, and socially responsive.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis Pozzoni and Signorelli.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243470