The Paris Agreement and the European policies in recent years are strongly pushing towards a significant reduction of the environmental impact of human activities. To comply with the pathways identified by the IPCC to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, improving the energy efficiency of the built environment and constructing so-called net zero buildings represent fundamental steps considering that the built environment is responsible, through the operational energy consumption alone for almost 30% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Assuming continuity in energy policies, the EU will go through an initial phase in which energy efficiency interventions on buildings will be encouraged through tax incentives. Subsequently, as is already happening in some Member States, penalties or restrictions related to the use of outdated real estate assets will be imposed. This problem introduced investors to a new risk, the transition risk. To evaluate and monitor the energy efficiency of buildings, the EU demanded the adoption of EPCs that measure theoretical consumptions. While undoubtedly useful in the transition governance strategy it has been proven that there is a consistent gap between theoretical and actual consumptions. This brought the necessity of instruments capable of assess the real emission target . It Is in this scenario that Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor tool, first appeared. Its main objective is to quantify the risks associated with the obsolescence of the built environment and to identify the so-called “stranding risk,” namely the moment when a building no longer complies with the decarbonization pathways consistent with the Paris Agreement. By benchmarking actual energy and emissions data against science-based reduction trajectories, CRREM provides a dynamic framework to assess long-term climate alignment, to anticipate potential devaluation of assets, and to support strategic decision-making on retrofit investments. The aim of this thesis project is to document and measure the usefulness of this tool through a case study, highlighting the benefits of planning interventions to comply with regulations and the objectives set by the European Union for 2050. The findings underline the relevance of CRREM as a strategic planning instrument providing valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and asset managers in the transition to a low-carbon built environment.
L’Accordo di Parigi e le politiche europee degli ultimi anni stanno spingendo con forza verso una significativa riduzione dell’impatto ambientale delle attività umane. Per rispettare i percorsi individuati dall’IPCC al fine di limitare il riscaldamento globale a 1,5 °C rispetto ai livelli preindustriali, il miglioramento dell’efficienza energetica del patrimonio edilizio e la realizzazione dei cosiddetti edifici a emissioni nette zero rappresentano passi fondamentali, considerando che il settore edilizio è responsabile, per i soli consumi operativi, di quasi il 30% delle emissioni globali di CO₂. Assumendo continuità nelle politiche energetiche, l’UE attraverserà una fase iniziale in cui gli interventi di efficientamento energetico sugli edifici saranno incentivati tramite agevolazioni fiscali. Successivamente, come già avviene in alcuni Stati Membri, verranno introdotte penalizzazioni o restrizioni legate all’utilizzo di immobili obsoleti. Questo fenomeno ha esposto gli investitori a un nuovo rischio: il rischio di transizione. Per valutare e monitorare l’efficienza energetica degli edifici, l’UE ha introdotto l’obbligo di adozione degli Attestati di Prestazione Energetica (EPC), i quali misurano consumi teorici. Sebbene utili nella strategia di governance della transizione, è stato dimostrato che esiste un divario significativo tra consumi teorici e consumi reali. Ciò ha evidenziato la necessità di strumenti in grado di valutare in maniera più accurata gli obiettivi emissivi effettivi. È in questo scenario che è stato introdotto il Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor (CRREM). Il suo principale obiettivo è quantificare i rischi connessi all’obsolescenza del patrimonio costruito e identificare il cosiddetto stranding risk, ossia il momento in cui un edificio non risulta più conforme alle traiettorie di decarbonizzazione coerenti con l’Accordo di Parigi. Confrontando i dati reali di consumo energetico ed emissioni con traiettorie di riduzione basate sulla scienza, CRREM offre un quadro dinamico per valutare l’allineamento climatico di lungo periodo, anticipare la potenziale svalutazione degli asset e supportare decisioni strategiche sugli interventi di riqualificazione. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è documentare e misurare l’utilità dello strumento attraverso un caso studio, evidenziando i benefici derivanti dalla pianificazione di interventi volti a rispettare le normative e i traguardi fissati dall’Unione Europea per il 2050. I risultati sottolineano la rilevanza di CRREM come strumento di pianificazione strategica, capace di fornire indicazioni preziose a investitori, decisori politici e gestori di patrimoni immobiliari nel percorso di transizione verso un ambiente costruito a basse emissioni di carbonio.
Decarbonization pathways for the built environment: integrating CRREM with energy audits to address the challenge of climate trajectories
De Gennaro, Giuseppe
2024/2025
Abstract
The Paris Agreement and the European policies in recent years are strongly pushing towards a significant reduction of the environmental impact of human activities. To comply with the pathways identified by the IPCC to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, improving the energy efficiency of the built environment and constructing so-called net zero buildings represent fundamental steps considering that the built environment is responsible, through the operational energy consumption alone for almost 30% of CO2 emissions worldwide. Assuming continuity in energy policies, the EU will go through an initial phase in which energy efficiency interventions on buildings will be encouraged through tax incentives. Subsequently, as is already happening in some Member States, penalties or restrictions related to the use of outdated real estate assets will be imposed. This problem introduced investors to a new risk, the transition risk. To evaluate and monitor the energy efficiency of buildings, the EU demanded the adoption of EPCs that measure theoretical consumptions. While undoubtedly useful in the transition governance strategy it has been proven that there is a consistent gap between theoretical and actual consumptions. This brought the necessity of instruments capable of assess the real emission target . It Is in this scenario that Carbon Risk Real Estate Monitor tool, first appeared. Its main objective is to quantify the risks associated with the obsolescence of the built environment and to identify the so-called “stranding risk,” namely the moment when a building no longer complies with the decarbonization pathways consistent with the Paris Agreement. By benchmarking actual energy and emissions data against science-based reduction trajectories, CRREM provides a dynamic framework to assess long-term climate alignment, to anticipate potential devaluation of assets, and to support strategic decision-making on retrofit investments. The aim of this thesis project is to document and measure the usefulness of this tool through a case study, highlighting the benefits of planning interventions to comply with regulations and the objectives set by the European Union for 2050. The findings underline the relevance of CRREM as a strategic planning instrument providing valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and asset managers in the transition to a low-carbon built environment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243490