This thesis presents a revision of the ASHRAE method for designing vertical borehole heat exchangers used in ground-source heat pump systems, incorporating the effects of groundwater flow. The ASHRAE method accounts for the long-term variation in ground temperature caused by the annual imbalance between the energy extracted from or rejected to the ground by the heat pump system introducing the concept of Temperature Penaly. Analytical models available in the literature, known as g-functions, which describe the deviation of ground temperature over time, are reviewed, and their limitations are discussed. The Moving Finite Line Source (MFLS) model, which includes the effect of the aquifer, is presented, along with a discussion on how to extend single-borehole models to entire borehole fields. The ASHRAE sizing approach is critically reviewed, and a procedure is proposed for integrating the MFLS model into the design methodology. Comparative analyses on case studies are conducted between the original ASHRAE method and its revised version. Finally, a regression of the proposed analytical model is introduced to support the design process in the presence of groundwater flow.
La tesi presenta una revisione del metodo ASHRAE per la progettazione di scambiatori geotermici verticali, utilizzati nei sistemi a pompa di calore geotermica, che tiene conto degli effetti del flusso d’acqua di falda. Il metodo ASHRAE considera la variazione a lungo termine della temperatura del terreno causata dallo sbilanciamento annuale tra l’energia estratta o restituita al terreno dal sistema a pompa di calore attraverso una fattore di penalizzazione, definito Temperature Penaly. Vengono analizzati i modelli analitici disponibili in letteratura, noti come g-functions, che descrivono l’evoluzione della temperatura del terreno nel tempo, e ne vengono discussi i limiti di applicabilità. Viene presentato il modello Moving Finite Line Source (MFLS), che include l’effetto dell’acquifero, insieme a una discussione su come estendere i modelli sviluppati per un singolo pozzo geotermico all’intero campo di scambiatori. Il metodo di dimensionamento ASHRAE viene analizzato criticamente, e viene proposta una procedura per integrare nella metodologia di progetto il modello MFLS. Analisi comparative su casi studio sono condotte tra il metodo ASHRAE originale e la sua versione revisionata. Infine, viene proposta una regressione del modello analitico introdotto, a supporto del processo di dimensionamento in presenza di falda.
Improvement of the ASHRAE design method for Borehole Heat Exchangers to include groundwater flow effects
LEALI, CARLO ALBERTO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis presents a revision of the ASHRAE method for designing vertical borehole heat exchangers used in ground-source heat pump systems, incorporating the effects of groundwater flow. The ASHRAE method accounts for the long-term variation in ground temperature caused by the annual imbalance between the energy extracted from or rejected to the ground by the heat pump system introducing the concept of Temperature Penaly. Analytical models available in the literature, known as g-functions, which describe the deviation of ground temperature over time, are reviewed, and their limitations are discussed. The Moving Finite Line Source (MFLS) model, which includes the effect of the aquifer, is presented, along with a discussion on how to extend single-borehole models to entire borehole fields. The ASHRAE sizing approach is critically reviewed, and a procedure is proposed for integrating the MFLS model into the design methodology. Comparative analyses on case studies are conducted between the original ASHRAE method and its revised version. Finally, a regression of the proposed analytical model is introduced to support the design process in the presence of groundwater flow.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243711