Antonio Stradivari is the most famous violin maker worldwide, but Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù, his Cremonese contemporary, is also highly regarded by violinists and collectors. Today, modern violin makers often reproduce the models of these two masters. It is generally believed that del Gesù instruments possess distinct acoustic features compared to those of Stradivari, although these differences have not always been clearly demonstrated. This thesis investigates the acoustic and perceptual differences between violins based on the two models, using an extensive database of spectral measurements (.tsv files). A synthesis method based on time-domain convolution was implemented to create audio signals combining the radiated response of the violins with excitation signals. The analysis included Long-Term Average Spectrum (LTAS), Fourier transforms, and ANSI S3.4-2007 loudness measurements, focusing on specific frequency bands highlighted by the data. Preliminary listening tests, conducted with expert violin makers and later extended to a broader set of participants, revealed no statistically significant ability to distinguish between the two models. This result suggests that the synthesis process based on radiativity measurements may fail to preserve the timbral cues necessary for perceptual discrimination. To assess more ecological conditions, a test with real recordings was conducted, showing significantly above-chance performance and suggesting that bow transients, micro-dynamics, non-linearities, and directivity/room reintroduce cues helpful for recognition. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of timbre perception and signal processing in violin acoustics, and open new questions about the adequacy of radiativity-based synthesis in preserving the sonic identity of historical instrument models.
Antonio Stradivari è il liutaio più famoso al mondo, ma anche Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù, suo contemporaneo cremonese, è molto apprezzato da violinisti e collezionisti. I modelli di questi due maestri vengono spesso riprodotti dai liutai contemporanei. È opinione comune che i violini del Gesù abbiano caratteristiche distintive rispetto a quelli di Stradivari, ma queste differenze non sono sempre state dimostrate in modo oggettivo. Questa tesi indaga le differenze acustiche e percettive tra violini basati sui due modelli, utilizzando un ampio database di misure spettrali (file .tsv). È stata sviluppata una sintesi basata sulla convoluzione nel dominio del tempo per creare segnali audio che combinano la risposta radiata dei violini con segnali di eccitazione. L’analisi ha incluso lo spettro medio a lungo termine (LTAS), la trasformata di Fourier e il modello di loudness ANSI S3.4-2007, con particolare attenzione a specifiche bande di frequenza emerse dai dati. I test d’ascolto preliminari, condotti con liutai esperti e successivamente estesi a un campione più ampio di partecipanti, non hanno evidenziato una capacità statisticamente significativa di distinguere tra i due modelli. Questo risultato suggerisce che il processo di sintesi basato sulla radiatività potrebbe non preservare gli indizi timbrici necessari per la discriminazione percettiva. Per verificarlo in condizioni più ecologiche, è stato condotto un test con registrazioni reali, in cui le prestazioni risultano significativamente sopra il caso, suggerendo che transienti d’arco, micro-dinamica, non-linearità e direttività/ambiente reintroducono indizi utili alla distinzione. Questi risultati offrono spunti significativi sul ruolo della percezione timbrica e del processamento del segnale nell’acustica del violino, aprendo nuove domande sull’adeguatezza della sintesi basata su radiatività nel preservare l’identità sonora dei modelli storici.
Hearing the violin models: testing the identity of Stradivari-del Gesù designs across measurement and perception
Cagnetta, Angelica
2024/2025
Abstract
Antonio Stradivari is the most famous violin maker worldwide, but Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù, his Cremonese contemporary, is also highly regarded by violinists and collectors. Today, modern violin makers often reproduce the models of these two masters. It is generally believed that del Gesù instruments possess distinct acoustic features compared to those of Stradivari, although these differences have not always been clearly demonstrated. This thesis investigates the acoustic and perceptual differences between violins based on the two models, using an extensive database of spectral measurements (.tsv files). A synthesis method based on time-domain convolution was implemented to create audio signals combining the radiated response of the violins with excitation signals. The analysis included Long-Term Average Spectrum (LTAS), Fourier transforms, and ANSI S3.4-2007 loudness measurements, focusing on specific frequency bands highlighted by the data. Preliminary listening tests, conducted with expert violin makers and later extended to a broader set of participants, revealed no statistically significant ability to distinguish between the two models. This result suggests that the synthesis process based on radiativity measurements may fail to preserve the timbral cues necessary for perceptual discrimination. To assess more ecological conditions, a test with real recordings was conducted, showing significantly above-chance performance and suggesting that bow transients, micro-dynamics, non-linearities, and directivity/room reintroduce cues helpful for recognition. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of timbre perception and signal processing in violin acoustics, and open new questions about the adequacy of radiativity-based synthesis in preserving the sonic identity of historical instrument models.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_10_Cagnetta.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti a partire dal 23/09/2028
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
5.73 MB
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Adobe PDF
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5.73 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243723