Monte Carlo simulations are a well-established tool for the investigation of condensed matter systems. In particular, the Ising model provides a simple yet powerful framework to describe collective magnetic phenomena and to gain insight into the underlying physical properties. In the first part of this thesis, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to ordered systems described by an extended Ising model including both nearest-neighbour and next-nearest neighbour interactions, with each interaction described by its own exchange constant. Different lattice geometries are considered (square, simple cubic, and face-centred cubic lattices), and the resulting low-temperature ordered configurations have been characterized. The analysis reveals the existence of distinct magnetic phases, each stabilized within specific ranges of the ratio between the two exchange constants. After the characterization of the low-temperature ordered configuration, and the extrapolation of the critical temperature from MC data, a simple theoretical model that relates the energy of the ordered phase and TC is proposed. Through linear regression, values for the critical exponents pertaining square and simple cubic lattices are extracted, and their standard error and sensitivity to the identification nof critical temperatures are characterized quantitatively. The second part of this thesis focuses on a novel class of materials, the so-called High Entropy Oxides (HEOs). These compounds crystallize in a rock-salt structure, where oxygen anions are combined with a random distribution of different metallic cations. The main system investigated is (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O, together with several related configurations obtained by removing one of the five cation species. Simulations show that these crystals exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering and the critical temperatures have been estimated. In particular, MC simulations conducted for the equimolar HEO with five cations showed a Néel temperature of 160 K
Le simulazioni Monte Carlo sono uno strumento consolidato per lo studio dei sistemi di materia condensata. In particolare, il modello di Ising fornisce una base semplice ma potente per descrivere fenomeni magnetici collettivi e per ottenere informazioni sulle proprietà fisiche degli stessi. Nella prima parte di questa tesi, le simulazioni Monte Carlo vengono applicate allo studio di sistemi ordinati descritti da un modello di Ising esteso, che include sia interazion itra primi vicini sia tra secondi vicini, e dove ogni interazione è governata dalla propria costante di scambio. Vengono considerate diverse geometrie di reticolo (reticoli quadrati, cubici semplici e cubici a facce centrate) e le configurazioni ordinate a bassa temperatura risultanti sono state caratterizzate. L’analisi rivela l’esistenza di fasi magnetiche distinte, ciascuna minimo dell’energia entro specifici intervalli del rapporto tra le due costanti di scambio. Dopo aver caratterizzato la configurazione ordinata a bassa temperatura, e aver estrapolato la temperatura critica dai dati Monte Carlo, è proposto un semplice modello teorico che lega l’energia della fase ordinata a TC . Attraverso un modello di regressione lineare, sono stati calcolati i valori degli esponenti critici correlati ai reticoli quadrati e cubici semplici. La deviazione standard della stima, e la sua sensibilità alla giusta identificazione della temperatura critica sono state caratterizzate quantitativamente. La seconda parte della tesi si concentra su una nuova classe di materiali, i cosiddetti Ossidi ad Alta Entropia (HEOs). Questi composti cristallizzano in una struttura rock-salt, in cui gli anioni di ossigeno sono mischiati con una distribuzione casuale di diversi cationi metallici. Il sistema principale studiato è (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O, insieme a diverse configurazioni correlate ad esso, ottenute rimuovendo una delle cinque specie cationiche. Le simulazioni Monte Carlo mostrano che questi cristalli presentano un ordinamento antiferromagnetico, e una stima delle temperature critiche è stata condotta. In particolare, per l’HEO equimolare con cinque cationi, le simulazioni Monte Carlo hanno evidenziato una temperatura di Néel pari a 160 K.
Ising model with extended interactions: Monte Carlo study of high-entropy oxides
Guerra, Lorenzo
2024/2025
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are a well-established tool for the investigation of condensed matter systems. In particular, the Ising model provides a simple yet powerful framework to describe collective magnetic phenomena and to gain insight into the underlying physical properties. In the first part of this thesis, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to ordered systems described by an extended Ising model including both nearest-neighbour and next-nearest neighbour interactions, with each interaction described by its own exchange constant. Different lattice geometries are considered (square, simple cubic, and face-centred cubic lattices), and the resulting low-temperature ordered configurations have been characterized. The analysis reveals the existence of distinct magnetic phases, each stabilized within specific ranges of the ratio between the two exchange constants. After the characterization of the low-temperature ordered configuration, and the extrapolation of the critical temperature from MC data, a simple theoretical model that relates the energy of the ordered phase and TC is proposed. Through linear regression, values for the critical exponents pertaining square and simple cubic lattices are extracted, and their standard error and sensitivity to the identification nof critical temperatures are characterized quantitatively. The second part of this thesis focuses on a novel class of materials, the so-called High Entropy Oxides (HEOs). These compounds crystallize in a rock-salt structure, where oxygen anions are combined with a random distribution of different metallic cations. The main system investigated is (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O, together with several related configurations obtained by removing one of the five cation species. Simulations show that these crystals exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering and the critical temperatures have been estimated. In particular, MC simulations conducted for the equimolar HEO with five cations showed a Néel temperature of 160 K| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243737