This thesis explores how landscapes were shaped by totalitarian regimes in the twentieth century, focusing on how spatial planning and ideology were used to assert power and restructure society. These state-built landscapes were often produced through top-down mechanisms for industrial, political, or symbolic goals. Although they reflected the authoritarian visions of their regimes, many showed vulnerabilities to social, ecological and political resistance. The study applies a triangulated theoretical framework of Landscape, Power and Ideology, drawing on W.J.T Mitchell,Henri Lefebvre and James Corner to explore how landscape were transformed into active mediums of political expression and social engineering. The primary focus is on the Soviet context, where large-scale planning and industrial expansion reshaped vast regions. A detailed case study of the Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass), examines how Soviet ideology was embedded into the landscape through resource extraction and centralized planning. While examples from other totalitarian regimes are discussed conceptually, the thesis emphasizes how the triad of Landscape, Power and Ideology led to the production, function and eventual decline of the Soviet territorial vision. It is also a reflection on the lasting impact of these landscapes today, especially in regions facing the social and environmental consequences of past ideologies. Ultimately, this thesis argues that reading landscapes through the lens of power and ideology is not only key to understanding the spatial systems shaped by authoritarian rule, but also crucial for addressing contemporary and future challenges in territorial governance, environmental justice, and ethics of landscape design.
Questa tesi esplora il modo in cui i paesaggi sono stati plasmati dai regimi totalitari nel XX secolo, concentrandosi su come la pianificazione territoriale e l'ideologia siano state utilizzate per affermare il potere e ristrutturare la società. Questi paesaggi costruiti dallo Stato sono stati spesso prodotti attraverso meccanismi dall'alto verso il basso per obiettivi industriali, politici o simbolici. Sebbene riflettessero le visioni autoritarie dei loro regimi, molti mostravano vulnerabilità alla resistenza sociale, ecologica e politica. Lo studio applica un quadro teorico triangolato di Paesaggio, Potere e Ideologia, attingendo a W.J.T. Mitchell, Henri Lefebvre e James Corner per esplorare come il paesaggio sia stato trasformato in mezzi attivi di espressione politica e ingegneria sociale. L'attenzione principale è rivolta al contesto sovietico, dove la pianificazione su larga scala e l'espansione industriale hanno rimodellato vaste regioni. Uno studio di caso dettagliato del Bacino di Kuzneck (Kuzbass) esamina come l'ideologia sovietica si sia radicata nel paesaggio attraverso l'estrazione delle risorse e la pianificazione centralizzata. Mentre esempi tratti da altri regimi totalitari vengono discussi concettualmente, la tesi sottolinea come la triade Paesaggio, Potere e Ideologia abbia portato alla produzione, alla funzione e al successivo declino della visione territoriale sovietica. Inoltre, quest’elaborato vuol essere una riflessione sull'impatto duraturo di questi paesaggi al giorno d’oggi, soprattutto nelle regioni che affrontano le conseguenze sociali e ambientali delle ideologie del passato. In definitiva, questa tesi sostiene che leggere i paesaggi attraverso la lente del potere e dell'ideologia non è solo fondamentale per comprendere i sistemi spaziali plasmati dal potere autoritario, ma anche cruciale per affrontare le sfide contemporanee e future in materia di governance territoriale, giustizia ambientale ed etica della progettazione del paesaggio.
Landscape, power and ideology: territorial narratives of state built landscapes under totalitarian regimes
Faseela, Alif Dinar
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores how landscapes were shaped by totalitarian regimes in the twentieth century, focusing on how spatial planning and ideology were used to assert power and restructure society. These state-built landscapes were often produced through top-down mechanisms for industrial, political, or symbolic goals. Although they reflected the authoritarian visions of their regimes, many showed vulnerabilities to social, ecological and political resistance. The study applies a triangulated theoretical framework of Landscape, Power and Ideology, drawing on W.J.T Mitchell,Henri Lefebvre and James Corner to explore how landscape were transformed into active mediums of political expression and social engineering. The primary focus is on the Soviet context, where large-scale planning and industrial expansion reshaped vast regions. A detailed case study of the Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbass), examines how Soviet ideology was embedded into the landscape through resource extraction and centralized planning. While examples from other totalitarian regimes are discussed conceptually, the thesis emphasizes how the triad of Landscape, Power and Ideology led to the production, function and eventual decline of the Soviet territorial vision. It is also a reflection on the lasting impact of these landscapes today, especially in regions facing the social and environmental consequences of past ideologies. Ultimately, this thesis argues that reading landscapes through the lens of power and ideology is not only key to understanding the spatial systems shaped by authoritarian rule, but also crucial for addressing contemporary and future challenges in territorial governance, environmental justice, and ethics of landscape design.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243815