Digital transformation has profoundly reshaped the financial sector, compelling incumbents, particularly banks, to engage in strategic collaborations with fintech firms to sustain competitiveness. Despite the growing strategic relevance of these alliances, existing research provides limited guidance on how banks should design the governance structure of such form of collaboration, lacking an integrated framework tailored to the financial sector. To address this gap, this thesis investigates how banks approach governance choices in alliances with fintechs, focusing on the spectrum between equity and non-equity arrangements. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the literature review led to the creation of an initial theoretical framework developed from 20 determining factors, which was subsequently revised through an empirical investigation of 100 financial alliances in the Italian market and two case studies. The analysis results in the development of a novel decision-making framework in which enabling conditions, such as a collaborative environment and resource complementarity, must first be assessed. Governance choices are then primarily driven by strategic objectives and prior ties with the partner: equity-based forms tend to prevail when control and knowledge absorption are required, with trust established through past interactions further reinforcing the preference for closer integration. Additional operational determinants, including task interdependence and complexity, power balance, and the nature of the knowledge exchanged, further shape the final decision. The study contributes to the literature by advancing understanding of governance in bank–fintech alliances and provides practical guidance for bank decision-makers on aligning strategic intent with the most appropriate governance architecture.
La trasformazione digitale ha profondamente ridefinito il settore finanziario, spingendo gli incumbent, in particolare le banche, a intraprendere collaborazioni strategiche con imprese fintech per mantenere la propria competitività. Nonostante la crescente rilevanza strategica di queste alleanze, la ricerca esistente offre indicazioni limitate su come le banche dovrebbero progettare la struttura di governance di tale forma di collaborazione, mancando di un framework integrato adattato al settore finanziario. Per colmare questo divario, questa tesi indaga come le banche affrontano le scelte di governance nelle alleanze con le fintech, concentrandosi sullo spettro che va dalle forme equity a quelle non-equity. Adottando una metodologia qualitativa, la revisione della letteratura ha portato alla creazione di un framework teorico iniziale sviluppato a partire da 20 fattori determinanti, che è stato successivamente rivisto attraverso un’indagine empirica su 100 alleanze finanziarie nel mercato italiano e due casi studio. L’analisi porta allo sviluppo di un nuovo framework decisionale in cui le condizioni abilitanti, come un ambiente collaborativo e la complementarità delle risorse, devono essere innanzitutto valutate. Le scelte di governance sono poi guidate principalmente dagli obiettivi strategici e dai legami pregressi con il partner: le forme basate su equity tendono a prevalere quando sono richiesti controllo e assorbimento di conoscenza, con la fiducia sviluppata attraverso interazioni passate che rafforza ulteriormente la preferenza per un’integrazione più stretta. Ulteriori determinanti operativi, tra cui l’interdipendenza e la complessità dei compiti, l’equilibrio di potere e la natura della conoscenza scambiata, contribuiscono a modellare la decisione finale. Lo studio contribuisce alla letteratura avanzando la comprensione della governance nelle alleanze banca–fintech e fornisce indicazioni pratiche ai decision-maker bancari su come allineare l’intento strategico con l’architettura di governance più appropriata.
Partner or target? Exploring governance drivers in bank-fintech alliances
Ragazzetti, Marco
2024/2025
Abstract
Digital transformation has profoundly reshaped the financial sector, compelling incumbents, particularly banks, to engage in strategic collaborations with fintech firms to sustain competitiveness. Despite the growing strategic relevance of these alliances, existing research provides limited guidance on how banks should design the governance structure of such form of collaboration, lacking an integrated framework tailored to the financial sector. To address this gap, this thesis investigates how banks approach governance choices in alliances with fintechs, focusing on the spectrum between equity and non-equity arrangements. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the literature review led to the creation of an initial theoretical framework developed from 20 determining factors, which was subsequently revised through an empirical investigation of 100 financial alliances in the Italian market and two case studies. The analysis results in the development of a novel decision-making framework in which enabling conditions, such as a collaborative environment and resource complementarity, must first be assessed. Governance choices are then primarily driven by strategic objectives and prior ties with the partner: equity-based forms tend to prevail when control and knowledge absorption are required, with trust established through past interactions further reinforcing the preference for closer integration. Additional operational determinants, including task interdependence and complexity, power balance, and the nature of the knowledge exchanged, further shape the final decision. The study contributes to the literature by advancing understanding of governance in bank–fintech alliances and provides practical guidance for bank decision-makers on aligning strategic intent with the most appropriate governance architecture.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_10_Ragazzetti_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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2025_10_Ragazzetti_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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4.75 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243835