Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) represent a key instrument in the European strategy for decarbonization, but their development still faces financial barriers. In Italy, banks are expected to play a decisive role in providing tailored support. However, the current financial landscape remains uncertain: some institutions are experimenting with innovative products, while others offer limited or no engagement. This fragmentation creates mismatches between the needs of communities and the solutions available to them. This thesis tackles this problem by analyzing how Italian banks support RECs across their life cycle. The research combines desk analysis of official bank documentation with insights from interviews and meetings with crucial actors. A comparative framework is used to position financial products into the nine phases of a REC’s development, highlighting where instruments are present and where gaps persist. The results show that most financial support is concentrated in the plant construction and investment phase, while the earliest steps: context analysis, promotion and stakeholder engagement, and vision and model definition, receive insufficient coverage. Three systemic weaknesses emerge: the lack of funding for initial costs, the fragmentation of financial pathways across institutions, and territorial disparities in product availability. At the same time, positive signals are evident, with pioneering banks combining private loans with public guarantees, integrating environmental and social criteria, and pairing credit with advisory services. The study concludes that bridging these gaps would ease the scaling of RECs while offering banks a strategic opportunity. Institutions that take the lead can strengthen their territorial legitimacy, gain first-mover advantage in a growing sector, and align with national and European climate goals. In doing so, they demonstrate that financial innovation can advance social inclusion and environmental sustainability.
Le comunità di energia rinnovabile (CER) rappresentano uno strumento fondamentale nella strategia europea per la decarbonizzazione, ma il loro sviluppo deve ancora affrontare ostacoli finanziari. In Italia, le banche dovrebbero svolgere un ruolo decisivo nel fornire un sostegno su misura. Tuttavia, l'attuale panorama finanziario rimane incerto: alcune istituzioni stanno sperimentando prodotti innovativi, mentre altre offrono un impegno limitato o nullo. Questa frammentazione crea uno squilibrio tra le esigenze delle comunità e le soluzioni a loro disposizione. Questa tesi affronta il problema analizzando il modo in cui le banche italiane sostengono le CER durante il loro ciclo di vita. La ricerca combina l'analisi documentale della documentazione ufficiale delle banche con le informazioni raccolte durante interviste e incontri con attori chiave. Viene utilizzato un quadro comparativo per mappare i prodotti finanziari alle nove fasi di sviluppo di una REC, evidenziando dove sono presenti strumenti e dove persistono lacune. I risultati mostrano che la maggior parte del sostegno finanziario è concentrato nella fase di costruzione dell'impianto e di investimento, mentre le fasi iniziali (analisi del contesto, promozione e coinvolgimento delle parti interessate, definizione della visione e del modello) ricevono una copertura insufficiente. Emergono tre debolezze sistemiche: la mancanza di finanziamenti per i costi organizzativi iniziali, la frammentazione dei percorsi finanziari tra le istituzioni e le disparità territoriali nella disponibilità dei prodotti. Allo stesso tempo, sono evidenti segnali positivi, con banche pionieristiche che combinano prestiti privati con garanzie pubbliche, integrano criteri ambientali e sociali e abbinano il credito a servizi di consulenza. Lo studio conclude che colmare queste lacune faciliterebbe la diffusione delle CER, offrendo al contempo alle banche un'opportunità strategica. Le istituzioni che assumono un ruolo di leadership possono rafforzare la loro legittimità territoriale, ottenere un vantaggio competitivo in un settore in crescita e allinearsi agli obiettivi climatici nazionali ed europei. In questo modo, dimostrano che l'innovazione finanziaria può promuovere l'inclusione sociale e la sostenibilità ambientale.
Analysis of the current approach by financial institutions to support renewable energy communities
Olcay Andreoli, Isadora Valentina
2024/2025
Abstract
Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) represent a key instrument in the European strategy for decarbonization, but their development still faces financial barriers. In Italy, banks are expected to play a decisive role in providing tailored support. However, the current financial landscape remains uncertain: some institutions are experimenting with innovative products, while others offer limited or no engagement. This fragmentation creates mismatches between the needs of communities and the solutions available to them. This thesis tackles this problem by analyzing how Italian banks support RECs across their life cycle. The research combines desk analysis of official bank documentation with insights from interviews and meetings with crucial actors. A comparative framework is used to position financial products into the nine phases of a REC’s development, highlighting where instruments are present and where gaps persist. The results show that most financial support is concentrated in the plant construction and investment phase, while the earliest steps: context analysis, promotion and stakeholder engagement, and vision and model definition, receive insufficient coverage. Three systemic weaknesses emerge: the lack of funding for initial costs, the fragmentation of financial pathways across institutions, and territorial disparities in product availability. At the same time, positive signals are evident, with pioneering banks combining private loans with public guarantees, integrating environmental and social criteria, and pairing credit with advisory services. The study concludes that bridging these gaps would ease the scaling of RECs while offering banks a strategic opportunity. Institutions that take the lead can strengthen their territorial legitimacy, gain first-mover advantage in a growing sector, and align with national and European climate goals. In doing so, they demonstrate that financial innovation can advance social inclusion and environmental sustainability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/243852