The Shell Eco-Marathon ® is an international competition organized by the Anglo-Dutch oil company from which the race takes its name. This event aims to explore and experiment technologies and fuels which can provide a concrete answer in order to create eco-friendly forms of transport. The project started in the second half of the '70s and later it became a concrete challenge among students from universities and technical institutes. They are required to design and build vehicles that can travel the distance provided for in Regulation, using the least amount of fuel or of energy. The vehicles can be powered by conventional fuels such as diesel, gasoline, LPG or alternative fuels such as solar energy, electricity or hydrogen. In order to judge fairly the different types of energy used, the participating teams are required to complete a certain distance in a given time. The total energy consumed is then calculated and expressed in terms of km per kWh or in terms of km per equivalent liter. Teams can run with "Prototype" vehicles -extreme vehicles for which the only constraint is the design, maximizing efficiency and minimizing emissions- or so-called "Urban Concept" vehicles which are projected according to the criteria of more conventional road vehicles. The Politecnico di Milano as been participating in this competition for several years within the category "Prototype" with Apollo and Artemide vehicles, powered respectively by photovoltaic cells and hydrogen. For the edition of 2011 it was decided to build a new vehicle, named Daphne, to compete in the category of "Urban Concept". This graduation thesis aims to design and manufacture the wheels for the new vehicle Daphne. The thesis was carried out analyzing the results of past editions of the race and simulation tests, during which it was found that the rolling resistance, due to the rim and tyre, contributes up to 45% of the total resistance. It was also decided to equip the vehicle with suspension and put the whole transmission-suspension-brake-motor group inside the wheel, so you can design the shape of the body in order to optimize the aerodynamic aspect, which affects consumption, too. After describing the various solutions, we illustrate the different stages of design, and the subsequent choice of methods and material for the realization of the project. Eventually, we describe the experimental tests to validate the FEM simulations and we illustrate the results achieved during the race.
La Shell Eco-Marathon® è una competizione internazionale organizzata dalla compagnia petrolifera anglo-olandese da cui la gara prende il nome. Questo evento ha l’obiettivo di esplorare e di sperimentare tecnologie e carburanti in grado di fornire una risposta concreta alla necessità mondiale di creare forme di trasporto eco-compatibile. Il progetto nasce nella seconda metà degli anni ’70 e si concretizza successivamente come sfida rivolta a studenti di atenei universitari ed istituti tecnici che sono chiamati a progettare e a realizzare veicoli in grado di percorrere la distanza prevista dal regolamento facendo uso della minor quantità di combustibile, o più in generale, di energia possibile. I veicoli possono essere alimentati tramite carburanti tradizionali, quali diesel, benzina, GPL, o carburanti alternativi, quale energia solare, elettrica o idrogeno. Al fine di giudicare equamente i diversi tipi di energia impiegata, alle squadre partecipanti viene richiesto di completare una certa distanza in un tempo dato. Il totale dell’energia consumata è poi calcolato ed espresso in termini di km al kWh o in km al litro equivalente. Le squadre possono correre con “Prototipi” – veicoli estremi per i quali l’unico vincolo di design è rappresentato dalla massimizzazione dell’efficienza e dalla minimizzazione delle emissioni – o veicoli così detti “Urban Concept” costruiti secondo i criteri più convenzionali dei veicoli da strada. Il Politecnico di Milano partecipa ormai da diversi anni a questa competizione nella classe “Prototipi” con i veicoli Apollo e Artemide, rispettivamente alimentati a celle fotovoltaiche e ad idrogeno. Per l’edizione del 2011 si è deciso di schierare un nuovo veicolo, denominato Daphne, per competere anche nella categoria degli “Urban concept”. Questo lavoro di tesi ha come obiettivo la progettazione e la realizzazione delle ruote per il nuovo veicolo Daphne. La tesi è stata svolta tenendo conto delle analisi di gara delle passate edizioni e delle simulazioni di prova, durante le quali è stato appurato che la resistenza al rotolamento dovuta all’insieme cerchio-pneumatico contribuisce sino al 45% della resistenza totale. Inoltre si è deciso di dotare il veicolo di sospensioni e di inserire tutto il gruppo sospensioni-freni-trasmissione-motore all’interno del cerchio stesso, in modo da avere la massima libertà sulla forma della scocca per poterla ottimizzare dal punto di vista aerodinamico, altro aspetto che influisce cospicuamente sui consumi. Dopo aver descritto le differenti soluzioni ipotizzate si illustrano le varie fasi della progettazione, e la conseguente scelta della modalità di realizzazione e del materiale da utilizzare. Infine, si descrivono le prove sperimentali atte a validare le simulazioni FEM e si illustrano i risultati conseguiti in gara.
Costruzione ed impiego delle ruote per il veicolo urban concept Shell eco-marathon
COLOMBO, GIOVANNI
2010/2011
Abstract
The Shell Eco-Marathon ® is an international competition organized by the Anglo-Dutch oil company from which the race takes its name. This event aims to explore and experiment technologies and fuels which can provide a concrete answer in order to create eco-friendly forms of transport. The project started in the second half of the '70s and later it became a concrete challenge among students from universities and technical institutes. They are required to design and build vehicles that can travel the distance provided for in Regulation, using the least amount of fuel or of energy. The vehicles can be powered by conventional fuels such as diesel, gasoline, LPG or alternative fuels such as solar energy, electricity or hydrogen. In order to judge fairly the different types of energy used, the participating teams are required to complete a certain distance in a given time. The total energy consumed is then calculated and expressed in terms of km per kWh or in terms of km per equivalent liter. Teams can run with "Prototype" vehicles -extreme vehicles for which the only constraint is the design, maximizing efficiency and minimizing emissions- or so-called "Urban Concept" vehicles which are projected according to the criteria of more conventional road vehicles. The Politecnico di Milano as been participating in this competition for several years within the category "Prototype" with Apollo and Artemide vehicles, powered respectively by photovoltaic cells and hydrogen. For the edition of 2011 it was decided to build a new vehicle, named Daphne, to compete in the category of "Urban Concept". This graduation thesis aims to design and manufacture the wheels for the new vehicle Daphne. The thesis was carried out analyzing the results of past editions of the race and simulation tests, during which it was found that the rolling resistance, due to the rim and tyre, contributes up to 45% of the total resistance. It was also decided to equip the vehicle with suspension and put the whole transmission-suspension-brake-motor group inside the wheel, so you can design the shape of the body in order to optimize the aerodynamic aspect, which affects consumption, too. After describing the various solutions, we illustrate the different stages of design, and the subsequent choice of methods and material for the realization of the project. Eventually, we describe the experimental tests to validate the FEM simulations and we illustrate the results achieved during the race.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2011_10_Colombo.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati dal 20/09/2012
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/24401