The research conducted for the Specialization Thesis in Architectural and Landscape Heritage stems from the opportunities offered by the CHANGES research and development projects in the field of cultural heritage, funded through Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). Through cascade funding mechanisms, CHANGES aims to broaden the scope and impact of the project by involving public and private stakeholders active in the cultural heritage sector. The thematic line of the PNRR PE5 project, “Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Sustainable Society,” within Spoke 5 – “Science and Technologies for Sustainable Diagnostics of Cultural Heritage” – forms the research framework and field of investigation for a group of professors from the Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture, in collaboration with the Materials Analysis Laboratory AStRe-LabMat at Sapienza University of Rome. The objective of the PNRR research is to experiment with rapid, non-invasive in-situ diagnostic methods that can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and serve as a basis for developing a more in-depth investigation protocol. This protocol would support the study of materials, construction techniques, and the assessment of the conservation state of stratified architectural contexts. The research is being carried out on several case studies selected from early Christian and medieval churches in Rome. One of the chosen case studies is the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina. Within this research framework, my thesis aims to study and analyze one of the main issues affecting the conservation of historical buildings: the presence of moisture within masonry, particularly rising damp and its interaction with the built heritage. The diagnostic investigations conducted in the hypogeal environment of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina aimed to assess the conservation state of the structures affected by constant moisture and water infiltration. The study also examined the manifestation of related degradation mechanisms, with particular attention to salt formation. Furthermore, the research explored the relationship between the composition of materials and the intensity of the degradation mechanisms, in order to understand how different morphological characteristics of the materials and masonry textures influence the spread and appearance of salts. A multidisciplinary knowledge-based and technical-scientific approach is considered essential, aimed at defining a diagnostic project integrated with the observation and recording of visible manifestations of degradation mechanisms related to the presence of moisture within the structures. These activities are part of a broader framework of historical and critical interpretation of the architectural artifact and also contribute to providing valuable insights into the technical and construction characteristics as well as the evolutionary history of the building. The study will result in the production of accurate documentation on the conservation state of the hypogeum, which will be useful for the planning of future conservation interventions.
Lo studio condotto per la Tesi di Specializzazione in Beni Architettonici e del Paesaggio, nasce dall’opportunità dei progetti di ricerca e sviluppo nel settore dei beni culturali, CHANGES, finanziati con i fondi del Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR). Attraverso i bandi a cascata, CHANGES, mira ad ampliare la portata e l’impatto del progetto, coinvolgendo soggetti pubblici e privati attivi nei settori dei Beni Culturali. La linea tematica del progetto PNRR PE5 “Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Sustainable Society’’, in Spoke 5 ‘’Science and technologies for sustainable diagnostic of cultural heritage”, è il tema di ricerca e campo di indagine di un gruppo di docenti del Dipartimento di Storia, Disegno e Restauro dell’Architettura in collaborazione con il Laboratorio di Analisi dei Materiali AStRe-LabMat, dell’Università di Roma La Sapienza. L’obiettivo della ricerca PNRR è quello di sperimentare modalità di indagini speditive in situ, non invasive, che contribuiscano all’avanzamento delle conoscenze e che costituiscano fondamento e premessa per un protocollo di indagine più approfondito per lo studio dei materiali, delle tecniche costruttive e per la valutazione dello stato conservativo di contesti architettonici stratificati. La ricerca si sta svolgendo su diversi casi studio selezionati tra le chiese romane di epoca paleocristiana e medievale. Uno dei casi studio selezionati ha riguardato la Basilica di San Lorenzo in Lucina. All’interno di questo quadro di studio, la mia ricerca ha l’obiettivo di studiare e analizzare uno dei principali problemi legati alla conservazione degli edifici storici, ovvero la presenza di umidità nelle murature, in particolare l’umidità di risalita capillare e la sua interazione con il patrimonio costruito. Le indagini diagnostiche svolte nell'ambiente ipogeo della basilica di San Lorenzo in Lucina, hanno avuto come obiettivo la valutazione dello stato di conservazione dei manufatti soggetti a costante presenza di umidità e di acqua affiorante, e le modalità mediante le quali si manifestano i correlati meccanismi di degrado, con particolare attenzione alla formazione di Sali. È stata inoltre studiata la relazione tra la composizione dei materiali e l’intensità del meccanismo di degrado, al fine di comprendere come le diverse caratteristiche morfologiche dei materiali e delle tessiture murarie influenzino la diffusione e la manifestazione dei Sali. Si ritiene utile un approccio conoscitivo e tecnico-scientifico di tipo multidisciplinare, che definisca un progetto diagnostico integrato all’osservazione e al rilevamento delle manifestazioni visibili dei meccanismi di degrado legati alla presenza di umidità nelle strutture. Queste attività si inseriscono nel più ampio quadro dell’interpretazione storico-critica del manufatto architettonico e contribuiscono anche a restituire elementi utili alla comprensione delle caratteristiche tecnico-costruttive e delle vicende evolutive dell’edificio. Lo studio permetterà di produrre una documentazione accurata sullo stato di conservazione dell’ipogeo, utile per la programmazione di futuri interventi.
Un contributo diagnostico per la conservazione dell'architettura ipogea: il caso studio San Lorenzo in Lucina : studio dei fenomeni di umidità, risalita capillare e meccanismi di degrado correlati
BARNINI, ELENA
2023/2024
Abstract
The research conducted for the Specialization Thesis in Architectural and Landscape Heritage stems from the opportunities offered by the CHANGES research and development projects in the field of cultural heritage, funded through Italy’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). Through cascade funding mechanisms, CHANGES aims to broaden the scope and impact of the project by involving public and private stakeholders active in the cultural heritage sector. The thematic line of the PNRR PE5 project, “Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Sustainable Society,” within Spoke 5 – “Science and Technologies for Sustainable Diagnostics of Cultural Heritage” – forms the research framework and field of investigation for a group of professors from the Department of History, Drawing and Restoration of Architecture, in collaboration with the Materials Analysis Laboratory AStRe-LabMat at Sapienza University of Rome. The objective of the PNRR research is to experiment with rapid, non-invasive in-situ diagnostic methods that can contribute to the advancement of knowledge and serve as a basis for developing a more in-depth investigation protocol. This protocol would support the study of materials, construction techniques, and the assessment of the conservation state of stratified architectural contexts. The research is being carried out on several case studies selected from early Christian and medieval churches in Rome. One of the chosen case studies is the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina. Within this research framework, my thesis aims to study and analyze one of the main issues affecting the conservation of historical buildings: the presence of moisture within masonry, particularly rising damp and its interaction with the built heritage. The diagnostic investigations conducted in the hypogeal environment of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Lucina aimed to assess the conservation state of the structures affected by constant moisture and water infiltration. The study also examined the manifestation of related degradation mechanisms, with particular attention to salt formation. Furthermore, the research explored the relationship between the composition of materials and the intensity of the degradation mechanisms, in order to understand how different morphological characteristics of the materials and masonry textures influence the spread and appearance of salts. A multidisciplinary knowledge-based and technical-scientific approach is considered essential, aimed at defining a diagnostic project integrated with the observation and recording of visible manifestations of degradation mechanisms related to the presence of moisture within the structures. These activities are part of a broader framework of historical and critical interpretation of the architectural artifact and also contribute to providing valuable insights into the technical and construction characteristics as well as the evolutionary history of the building. The study will result in the production of accurate documentation on the conservation state of the hypogeum, which will be useful for the planning of future conservation interventions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/244638