Milan has undergone urban transformations similar to many European and global cities in a context of deindustrialization and global production shifts from North Atlantic cores to low-cost peripheral or semi-peripheral areas, especially in the Global South (Brenner & Katsikis, 2020; Sassen, 1991). Influenced by new spatial logics of urban functions and territorial nodes, Milan’s planning has been reshaped, with large-scale projects becoming the main means of urban production in recent decades (Harvey, 1989), producing both successes and failures. Through literature review and case studies, this thesis analyses the factors driving large-scale transformations in Milan’s planning, historical, economic, and regulatory framework, and how they materialize in the city. It compares two paradigmatic cases: the Milan Innovation District (MIND) and the Sesto Falck areas. The research shows how, despite their strategic role, these projects face prolonged delays and major challenges. MIND, arising from Expo 2015, reflects the complexities of post-event redevelopment (Müller, 2015), where political and financial interests meet locational disadvantages and shifting markets. Sesto Falck, a vast former industrial site, illustrates the hurdles of brownfield regeneration, speculative land transactions, and institutional isolation (de Sousa, 2008). Both projects highlight Milan’s legacy of urban transformations based on special planning agreements outside statutory frameworks, raising questions for the future amid renewed focus on regeneration and concerns over socio-spatial disparities. The study situates these cases within the evolution of Italian spatial planning, tracing the shift from rigid regulatory frameworks to flexible, project-based approaches, often in derogation of statutory plans (Salzano, 2003) and within weak territorial planning. By integrating theory with empirical findings, including planning documents and expert interviews, it contributes to debates on urban governance, financialization, and the future of structural planning in metropolitan Milan.
Milano ha sperimentato trasformazioni urbane analoghe a quelle di numerose città europee e globali, nel contesto della deindustrializzazione e dello spostamento delle attività produttive dai centri del Nord Atlantico verso aree periferiche e semiperiferiche a basso costo, in particolare nel Sud Globale (Brenner & Katsikis, 2020; Sassen, 1991). Le nuove logiche spaziali delle funzioni urbane e dei nodi territoriali hanno ridefinito la pianificazione cittadina, in cui i grandi progetti sono divenuti negli ultimi decenni lo strumento privilegiato di produzione urbana (Harvey, 1989), con esiti tanto positivi quanto problematici. Questa tesi, attraverso una rassegna critica della letteratura e l’analisi di casi studio, indaga i fattori che hanno orientato le trasformazioni su larga scala a Milano, collocandole entro il quadro storico, economico e normativo della pianificazione e osservando le modalità attraverso cui esse si sono concretizzate nello spazio urbano. L’attenzione si focalizza su due casi paradigmatici: il Milan Innovation District (MIND), sorto a seguito di Expo 2015, e le aree ex Falck di Sesto San Giovanni. L’analisi mette in luce come, pur rivestendo un ruolo strategico, tali progetti siano caratterizzati da ritardi significativi e sfide strutturali. MIND riflette le complessità della rigenerazione post-evento (Müller, 2015), in cui interessi politici e finanziari si intrecciano con svantaggi localizzativi e dinamiche di mercato in mutamento. Le aree ex Falck, tra i più estesi siti industriali dismessi in Europa, mostrano invece le difficoltà tipiche della rigenerazione di brownfield, segnate da transazioni speculative e isolamento istituzionale (de Sousa, 2008). Entrambi i casi esemplificano l’eredità milanese di trasformazioni urbane fondate su strumenti straordinari e accordi negoziali in deroga alla pianificazione ordinaria, sollevando interrogativi sul futuro della rigenerazione in un contesto di crescenti disparità socio-spaziali. Inserendo questi processi nell’evoluzione della pianificazione territoriale italiana, la ricerca evidenzia il passaggio da quadri normativi rigidi ad approcci flessibili e progettuali, spesso adottati in deroga agli strumenti urbanistici vigenti (Salzano, 2003), in un contesto di debolezza della pianificazione sovralocale. Integrando riflessione teorica, documenti di piano e interviste a testimoni privilegiati, la tesi contribuisce al dibattito sulla governance urbana, sulla finanziarizzazione e sul futuro della pianificazione strutturale nell’area metropolitana milanese.
Large-scale projects of urban transformation in Milan: the rigid flexibility of a negotiation approach
Zeron Chalmers, Vicente
2024/2025
Abstract
Milan has undergone urban transformations similar to many European and global cities in a context of deindustrialization and global production shifts from North Atlantic cores to low-cost peripheral or semi-peripheral areas, especially in the Global South (Brenner & Katsikis, 2020; Sassen, 1991). Influenced by new spatial logics of urban functions and territorial nodes, Milan’s planning has been reshaped, with large-scale projects becoming the main means of urban production in recent decades (Harvey, 1989), producing both successes and failures. Through literature review and case studies, this thesis analyses the factors driving large-scale transformations in Milan’s planning, historical, economic, and regulatory framework, and how they materialize in the city. It compares two paradigmatic cases: the Milan Innovation District (MIND) and the Sesto Falck areas. The research shows how, despite their strategic role, these projects face prolonged delays and major challenges. MIND, arising from Expo 2015, reflects the complexities of post-event redevelopment (Müller, 2015), where political and financial interests meet locational disadvantages and shifting markets. Sesto Falck, a vast former industrial site, illustrates the hurdles of brownfield regeneration, speculative land transactions, and institutional isolation (de Sousa, 2008). Both projects highlight Milan’s legacy of urban transformations based on special planning agreements outside statutory frameworks, raising questions for the future amid renewed focus on regeneration and concerns over socio-spatial disparities. The study situates these cases within the evolution of Italian spatial planning, tracing the shift from rigid regulatory frameworks to flexible, project-based approaches, often in derogation of statutory plans (Salzano, 2003) and within weak territorial planning. By integrating theory with empirical findings, including planning documents and expert interviews, it contributes to debates on urban governance, financialization, and the future of structural planning in metropolitan Milan.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/245941