The evolution of digital technologies has progressively redefined the structure of financial markets and the interaction between investors and capital seekers. In this context, equity crowdfunding represents a major innovation, offering a digital mechanism through which entrepreneurs can obtain financing from a dispersed group of investors willing to support start-ups and innovative ventures. This thesis investigates the relationship between investors’ age and the main characteristics of equity crowdfunding campaigns, with a specific focus on sustainability, risk and homophily. By combining insights from behavioural finance and generational theory, the research explores how younger investors approach digital investment platforms and how their preferences are shaped by project-specific attributes, thus contributing to fill the related existing gap in literature. The empirical analysis is based on a dataset of Italian equity crowdfunding campaigns, enriched with indicators measuring the ESG orientation and innovativeness and team characteristics of each project. Using a multiple linear regression model, the study examines how these factors, together with firm and platform characteristics, affect the average age of investors. Results show that sustainability and team age are the most relevant factors in explaining investors’ behaviour. Campaigns with higher ESG scores and lower average team age tend to attract younger investors, providing evidence of both value-driven and age-based homophily effects. Among the risk-related variables, company age also shows a significant effect, indicating that younger firms are more appealing to this group. Conversely, innovativeness does not display statistical significance, suggesting that innovation alone is not a decisive item in shaping investors’ choices. Robustness checks confirm the stability of these findings across alternative model specifications. Overall, the study highlights the growing relevance of digital and sustainable finance among younger generations and contributes to the understanding of how behavioural and technological factors shape participation in equity crowdfunding markets.
L’evoluzione delle tecnologie digitali ha progressivamente ridefinito la struttura dei mercati finanziari e le modalità di interazione tra investitori e imprese in cerca di capitale. In questo contesto, l’equity crowdfunding rappresenta una delle innovazioni più significative, offrendo un meccanismo digitale attraverso il quale gli imprenditori possono ottenere finanziamenti da un insieme diffuso di investitori disposti a sostenere start-up e iniziative innovative. La presente tesi analizza la relazione tra l’età degli investitori e le principali caratteristiche delle campagne di equity crowdfunding, con un focus specifico su sostenibilità, rischio e omofilia. Integrando i contributi della finanza comportamentale e della teoria generazionale, la ricerca esamina come gli investitori più giovani interagiscono con le piattaforme digitali di investimento e in che modo le loro preferenze siano influenzate dagli attributi specifici dei progetti, contribuendo quindi ad ampliare la letteratura esistente relativa all’argomento. L’analisi empirica si basa su un dataset di campagne italiane di equity crowdfunding, arricchito con indicatori che misurano l’orientamento ESG, il grado di innovatività e le caratteristiche del team di ciascun progetto. Attraverso un modello di regressione lineare multipla, lo studio analizza come tali fattori, insieme alle caratteristiche dell’impresa e della piattaforma, influenzino l’età media degli investitori. I risultati mostrano che sostenibilità e età del team sono i fattori più rilevanti nel determinare il comportamento degli investitori. Le campagne con punteggi ESG più elevati e team mediamente più giovani tendono infatti ad attrarre investitori più giovani, fornendo evidenza di effetti riconducibili sia a una motivazione legata a valori, sia a un meccanismo di omofilia basata sull’età. Tra le variabili di rischio, anche l’età dell’impresa risulta significativa, indicando che le aziende più giovani risultano più attraenti per questo gruppo di investitori. Al contrario, l’innovatività non mostra significatività statistica, suggerendo che l’innovazione, da sola, non costituisce un elemento decisivo nelle scelte di investimento. Le analisi di robustezza confermano la stabilità dei risultati rispetto a differenti specificazioni del modello. Nel complesso, lo studio evidenzia la crescente importanza della finanza digitale e sostenibile tra le nuove generazioni e contribuisce alla comprensione di come i fattori comportamentali e tecnologici influenzino la partecipazione ai mercati di equity crowdfunding.
Investors' age in equity crowdfunding: an empirical analysis of behavioral patterns in the italian market
Carbonari, Eleonora;Guarini, Andrea
2024/2025
Abstract
The evolution of digital technologies has progressively redefined the structure of financial markets and the interaction between investors and capital seekers. In this context, equity crowdfunding represents a major innovation, offering a digital mechanism through which entrepreneurs can obtain financing from a dispersed group of investors willing to support start-ups and innovative ventures. This thesis investigates the relationship between investors’ age and the main characteristics of equity crowdfunding campaigns, with a specific focus on sustainability, risk and homophily. By combining insights from behavioural finance and generational theory, the research explores how younger investors approach digital investment platforms and how their preferences are shaped by project-specific attributes, thus contributing to fill the related existing gap in literature. The empirical analysis is based on a dataset of Italian equity crowdfunding campaigns, enriched with indicators measuring the ESG orientation and innovativeness and team characteristics of each project. Using a multiple linear regression model, the study examines how these factors, together with firm and platform characteristics, affect the average age of investors. Results show that sustainability and team age are the most relevant factors in explaining investors’ behaviour. Campaigns with higher ESG scores and lower average team age tend to attract younger investors, providing evidence of both value-driven and age-based homophily effects. Among the risk-related variables, company age also shows a significant effect, indicating that younger firms are more appealing to this group. Conversely, innovativeness does not display statistical significance, suggesting that innovation alone is not a decisive item in shaping investors’ choices. Robustness checks confirm the stability of these findings across alternative model specifications. Overall, the study highlights the growing relevance of digital and sustainable finance among younger generations and contributes to the understanding of how behavioural and technological factors shape participation in equity crowdfunding markets.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Carbonari_Guarini_Executive Summary.pdf
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2025_12_Carbonari_Guarini_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246000