This thesis investigates how nocturnal Lepidoptera biodiversity varies across agricultural systems characterized by different management intensities and levels of anthropogenic disturbance. The study was carried out between August 2024 and July 2025 within the Davines Village in Parma (Italy) and surrounding fields, encompassing four distinct environments: the Scientific Garden, km Verde, the European Regenerative Organic Cen- ter (EROC), and a Conventional field. Moths were sampled biweekly at night using a UV actinic light trap equipped with a photoelectric cell and transparent methacry- late panels. The captured specimens were identified and classified, and the resulting datasets were processed and analyzed using Python to perform exploratory data analysis (EDA). Quantitative and categorical variables were examined through descriptive statis- tics, and biodiversity metrics such as Simpson’s index (α-diversity) and Jaccard’s index (β-diversity) were computed to characterize both intra- and inter-habitat diversity. The results show that the EROC site, managed under regenerative organic principles, exhib- ited the highest moth biodiversity, followed by the Scientific Garden, while km Verde and the Conventional field displayed lower diversity levels. When migratory and dominant species were removed from the dataset, overall diversity decreased but the relative rank- ing of environments remained unchanged. After excluding the Scientific Garden, whose artificial lighting likely influenced moth attraction, EROC remained the most biodiverse site. Time-series analyses confirmed that biodiversity in regenerative systems was not only higher but also more stable over time, while the Conventional site showed low and fluctuating values. A decision tree model identified species richness and α-diversity as the most significant predictors for classifying habitats. Overall, the findings demonstrate that regenerative agriculture supports greater and more stable nocturnal Lepidoptera biodi- versity compared with conventional systems. The study highlights the role of sustainable soil management, plant diversity, and reduced light pollution in maintaining healthy moth communities, and proposes moth diversity as a sensitive bioindicator for evaluating the ecological quality of agricultural
La presente tesi analizza come varia la biodiversità dei lepidotteri notturni in sistemi agricoli caratterizzati da differenti intensità di gestione e gradi di disturbo antropico. Lo studio è stato condotto tra agosto 2024 e luglio 2025 all’interno del Davines Village di Parma e nei campi limitrofi, comprendendo quattro ambienti: il Giardino Scientifico, il km Verde, l’European Regenerative Organic Center (EROC) e un campo a gestione convenzionale. Il campionamento è stato effettuato con cadenza quindicinale durante la notte, mediante una trappola luminosa UV attinica. Gli individui catturati sono stati identificati e classificati, e i dati elaborati in Python per svolgere un’analisi esplorativa dei dati (EDA). La biodiversità è stata valutata tramite gli indici di Simpson (α-diversità) e di Jaccard (β-diversità), al fine di caratterizzare la diversità all’interno e tra i diversi ambienti. I risultati mostrano che il sito EROC, gestito secondo i principi dell’agricoltura rigenerativa, presenta la biodiversità più elevata, seguito dal Giardino Scientifico, mentre km Verde e il campo convenzionale mostrano valori inferiori. L’esclusione delle specie mi- gratorie e dominanti ha ridotto la biodiversità complessiva ma non ha modificato l’ordine dei siti. Eliminando inoltre il Giardino Scientifico – influenzato dall’illuminazione artifi- ciale – EROC si conferma come l’ambiente più ricco e stabile nel tempo. Nel complesso, lo studio dimostra che l’agricoltura rigenerativa favorisce una biodiversità più elevata e stabile rispetto ai sistemi convenzionali, evidenziando l’importanza della gestione sosteni- bile del suolo, della diversità vegetale e della riduzione dell’inquinamento luminoso nel mantenimento di comunità di falene sane.
Biodiversity analysis of nocturnal Lepidoptera in conventional and regenerative agricultural systems under varying levels of anthropogenic management: a case study of Davines village
GAJ, VIRGINIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates how nocturnal Lepidoptera biodiversity varies across agricultural systems characterized by different management intensities and levels of anthropogenic disturbance. The study was carried out between August 2024 and July 2025 within the Davines Village in Parma (Italy) and surrounding fields, encompassing four distinct environments: the Scientific Garden, km Verde, the European Regenerative Organic Cen- ter (EROC), and a Conventional field. Moths were sampled biweekly at night using a UV actinic light trap equipped with a photoelectric cell and transparent methacry- late panels. The captured specimens were identified and classified, and the resulting datasets were processed and analyzed using Python to perform exploratory data analysis (EDA). Quantitative and categorical variables were examined through descriptive statis- tics, and biodiversity metrics such as Simpson’s index (α-diversity) and Jaccard’s index (β-diversity) were computed to characterize both intra- and inter-habitat diversity. The results show that the EROC site, managed under regenerative organic principles, exhib- ited the highest moth biodiversity, followed by the Scientific Garden, while km Verde and the Conventional field displayed lower diversity levels. When migratory and dominant species were removed from the dataset, overall diversity decreased but the relative rank- ing of environments remained unchanged. After excluding the Scientific Garden, whose artificial lighting likely influenced moth attraction, EROC remained the most biodiverse site. Time-series analyses confirmed that biodiversity in regenerative systems was not only higher but also more stable over time, while the Conventional site showed low and fluctuating values. A decision tree model identified species richness and α-diversity as the most significant predictors for classifying habitats. Overall, the findings demonstrate that regenerative agriculture supports greater and more stable nocturnal Lepidoptera biodi- versity compared with conventional systems. The study highlights the role of sustainable soil management, plant diversity, and reduced light pollution in maintaining healthy moth communities, and proposes moth diversity as a sensitive bioindicator for evaluating the ecological quality of agricultural| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246004