This thesis investigates the concept and practices of energy efficiency in water distribution networks through a systematic literature review of 128 academic papers. The research identifies how energy efficiency has been defined and pursued across different studies and contexts. The definition of energy efficiency is emphasized in three main approaches: energy reduction, energy recovery, and energy production. The review highlights six emerging themes: control optimization, cost optimization, design, framework, digitalization, and scheduling optimization, which collectively shape the current landscape of energy-efficient water systems. Although academic studies demonstrate advanced optimization and energy recovery strategies, real-world implementation remains limited due to technical, financial, and contextual constraints. The research proposes four agendas for future investigation: (1) integrating energy reduction and production systems through hybrid pumps as turbines and renewable energy configurations to achieve prosumer utilities; (2) developing scalable energy-efficient water networks for post-conflict and low-income and developing regions; (3) embedding digital twin solutions for monitoring, prediction, and control optimization; and (4) validating research findings through collaborations and data partnerships with utility operators and stakeholders. These agendas aim to bridge the gap between theory and practice and contribute to the sustainable transformation of urban water and energy systems.
La presente tesi analizza il concetto e le pratiche di efficienza energetica nelle reti di distribuzione idrica attraverso una revisione sistematica della letteratura composta da 128 articoli scientifici. La ricerca individua come l’efficienza energetica sia stata definita e perseguita nei diversi studi e contesti, evidenziando tre principali approcci interpretativi: riduzione dei consumi energetici, recupero di energia e produzione di energia. La revisione mette in luce sei temi emergenti che delineano l’attuale panorama dei sistemi idrici energeticamente efficienti: ottimizzazione del controllo, ottimizzazione dei costi, progettazione, sviluppo di framework, digitalizzazione e ottimizzazione della pianificazione. Sebbene gli studi accademici presentino strategie avanzate di ottimizzazione e recupero energetico, l’implementazione reale rimane limitata a causa di vincoli tecnici, finanziari e contestuali. La ricerca propone quattro linee di sviluppo future: (1) integrare sistemi di riduzione e produzione energetica attraverso configurazioni ibride basate su pompe come turbine e fonti rinnovabili, al fine di realizzare utilities di tipo prosumer; (2) sviluppare reti idriche energeticamente efficienti e scalabili per aree post-conflitto, a basso reddito e in via di sviluppo; (3) introdurre soluzioni basate su digital twin per il monitoraggio, la previsione e l’ottimizzazione del controllo; (4) validare i risultati della ricerca tramite collaborazioni e partnership sui dati con operatori e stakeholder del settore idrico. Queste linee di ricerca mirano a colmare il divario tra teoria e pratica e a contribuire alla trasformazione sostenibile dei sistemi urbani dell’acqua e dell’energia.
Energy efficiency practices in water distribution networks: a systematic literature review
Irfan, Abiyyu Muhammad
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates the concept and practices of energy efficiency in water distribution networks through a systematic literature review of 128 academic papers. The research identifies how energy efficiency has been defined and pursued across different studies and contexts. The definition of energy efficiency is emphasized in three main approaches: energy reduction, energy recovery, and energy production. The review highlights six emerging themes: control optimization, cost optimization, design, framework, digitalization, and scheduling optimization, which collectively shape the current landscape of energy-efficient water systems. Although academic studies demonstrate advanced optimization and energy recovery strategies, real-world implementation remains limited due to technical, financial, and contextual constraints. The research proposes four agendas for future investigation: (1) integrating energy reduction and production systems through hybrid pumps as turbines and renewable energy configurations to achieve prosumer utilities; (2) developing scalable energy-efficient water networks for post-conflict and low-income and developing regions; (3) embedding digital twin solutions for monitoring, prediction, and control optimization; and (4) validating research findings through collaborations and data partnerships with utility operators and stakeholders. These agendas aim to bridge the gap between theory and practice and contribute to the sustainable transformation of urban water and energy systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246101