The growing usage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in sectors such as aerospace, automotive and energy has highlighted issues about the management of production scraps and components end-of-life. The disposal difficulty and the limited field of re-usage of fibers have made it urgent to develop strategies that can facilitate the transition to a circular economy model, capable of reducing environmental impact and the consumption of primary resources. Among the various recycling techniques, steam-thermolysis is a particularly interesting solution, as it allows the recovery of carbon fibers with preserved mechanical properties, making them suitable for an effective re-employment. The material obtained can be transformed into non-woven mats, which are one of the most versatile forms of reuse and allow new industrial applications to be explored. With this in mind, this thesis focuses on the use of these mats for the production of autoclave polymerization moulds made of recycled carbon fiber composites. This solution not only gives new life to recovered material, but also provides a viable alternative to conventional moulds, with potential economic and environmental benefits. Starting from the design and development of these moulds, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model was defined to evaluate the environmental implications associated with the new technology. In parallel, a cost model was developed to compare traditional solutions with innovative ones based on the use of recycled fiber, showing competitive advantages, critical issues and areas for improvement. The work was completed with the creation of a dedicated program designed as a decision-making support tool. This application allows for an overall comparison of different technological alternatives, integrating the main design parameters and providing a comparative framework.
Il crescente uso dei materiali compositi con fibra di carbonio a matrice polimerica in settori come l’aerospazio, automotive ed energetico ha messo in evidenza le problematiche relative alla gestione degli scarti di produzione e del fine vita dei componenti. Le difficoltà per il deposito ed il limitato riutilizzo delle fibre spingono alla realizzazione di un modello di economia circolare, in modo tale da ridurre l’impatto ambientale e l’utilizzo delle materie prime. Tra le varie tecniche di riciclo, la vapo-termolisi è la soluzione più interessante, in quanto permette una conservazione ideale delle proprietà meccaniche delle fibre riciclate, permettendone un reimpiego ottimale. Il materiale ottenuto è riutlizzabile per ottenere dei materassini di tessuto-non tessuto, che risultano essere una forma versatile in grado di soddisfare diverse applicazioni industriali, di cui molte ancora in fase di studio. Tenendo presente ciò, la tesi si concentra sull’uso di questi tessuto-non tessuto per la produzione di stampi per polimerizzazione in autoclave realizzati con fibra di carbonio riciclata. Questa soluzione non solo dà nuova vita al materiale recuperato, ma fornisce anche una valida alternativa agli stampi convenzionali, con potenziali vantaggi economici e ambientali. A partire dalla progettazione e dallo sviluppo di questi stampi, è stato definito un modello di Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) per valutare l’impatto ambientale associato alla nuova tecnologia. Allo stesso tempo, è stato sviluppato un modello di costo per confrontare le soluzioni tradizionali con quelle innovative basate sull’uso di fibra riciclata, al fine di evidenziare i vantaggi competitivi, le criticità e le aree di miglioramento. Il lavoro è stato completato con la creazione di uno strumento dedicato al supporto decisionale. Esso consente il confronto sia da un punto di vista economico sia ambientale delle varie alternative tecnologiche, inserendo come input i principali parametri di progettazione e fornendo un quadro comparativo tra le opzioni disponibili.
Carbon fiber circularity for advanced tooling - impact analysis for the production of polymerization moulds
GIAVARDI, ALESSANDRO;Di Biase, Luca
2024/2025
Abstract
The growing usage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in sectors such as aerospace, automotive and energy has highlighted issues about the management of production scraps and components end-of-life. The disposal difficulty and the limited field of re-usage of fibers have made it urgent to develop strategies that can facilitate the transition to a circular economy model, capable of reducing environmental impact and the consumption of primary resources. Among the various recycling techniques, steam-thermolysis is a particularly interesting solution, as it allows the recovery of carbon fibers with preserved mechanical properties, making them suitable for an effective re-employment. The material obtained can be transformed into non-woven mats, which are one of the most versatile forms of reuse and allow new industrial applications to be explored. With this in mind, this thesis focuses on the use of these mats for the production of autoclave polymerization moulds made of recycled carbon fiber composites. This solution not only gives new life to recovered material, but also provides a viable alternative to conventional moulds, with potential economic and environmental benefits. Starting from the design and development of these moulds, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model was defined to evaluate the environmental implications associated with the new technology. In parallel, a cost model was developed to compare traditional solutions with innovative ones based on the use of recycled fiber, showing competitive advantages, critical issues and areas for improvement. The work was completed with the creation of a dedicated program designed as a decision-making support tool. This application allows for an overall comparison of different technological alternatives, integrating the main design parameters and providing a comparative framework.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Di_Biase_Giavardi_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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31.2 MB
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2025_12_Di_Biase_Giavardi_Executive_Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: executive summary
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1.23 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246161