A renewed space race is directing attention toward the Moon. Its proximity and distinct environment make it an ideal testbed for planetary science, resource utilization, and studies on human survival beyond Earth. As future missions demand greater crew, cargo, and equipment capacity, the need for advanced transfer design techniques to identify more efficient solutions is becoming increasingly critical. This thesis investigates the Hill Restricted Four-Body Problem, a coherent model that includes the Sun’s perturbation on the Earth–Moon system, as an alternative framework for impulsive Earth–Moon transfer design. The model is introduced and compared with a ephemeris-based, high-fidelity formulation to assess its validity and performance in the cislunar domain. A multiple-shooting optimization approach is implemented to transition from a simpler four-body approximation to trajectories in the current model. The resulting solutions serve as seed trajectories, then transformed to retrieve analogous transfers within the high-fidelity model, the Rotopulsating Restricted n-Body Problem. Such procedure allows to evaluate how accurately the Hill approximation reproduces real Sun–Earth–Moon system dynamics. The continuation between the two four-body models is successfully applied to several families of solutions. Despite challenges in extending the method to the high-fidelity model, valuable insights emerge for future refinement. The study confirms the potential of this framework for cislunar mission design, enhancing reliability with minimal efficiency loss.
Assistiamo oggi a una nuova corsa allo spazio, e l’attenzione è nuovamente rivolta verso il nostro satellite naturale, la Luna. La sua vicinanza e il suo ambiente unico la rendono un banco di prova ideale per la ricerca interplanetaria, l’utilizzo di risorse e lo studio della sopravvivenza umana nello Spazio. Poiché le prossime missioni lunari richiederanno quantità sempre maggiori di equipaggio, rifornimenti e strumenti, cresce la necessità di tecniche innovative di design capaci di individuare trasferimenti più efficienti. Questa tesi analizza il problema a quattro corpi ristretto di Hill, un modello coerente che considera l’azione gravitazionale del Sole sul sistema Terra-Luna, come quadro alternativo per il design di trasferimenti lunari. Il modello è introdotto e confrontato con una formulazione ad alta fedeltà, al fine di valutarne validità e prestazioni nelle applicazioni lunari. Viene implementato un approccio di ottimizzazione a nodi multipli, inizializzato con soluzioni provenienti da un noto modello a quattro corpi. Le traiettorie risultanti fungono da riferimento per ottenere trasferimenti analoghi all’interno del modello ad alta fedeltà, consentendo di valutare quanto accuratamente l’approssimazione di Hill riproduca la dinamica reale del Sistema Solare. La transizione tra i due modelli a quattro corpi è applicata con successo a diverse famiglie di soluzioni. Nonostante le difficoltà riscontrate nell’estensione al modello ad alta fedeltà, emergono indicazioni preziose per futuri perfezionamenti. Lo studio conferma il potenziale di questo approccio per la progettazione di missioni cislunari, migliorando l’affidabilità senza significative perdite di efficienza.
Design of two-impulse lunar transfers in the Hill four-body model
Cappuccio, Manuel
2024/2025
Abstract
A renewed space race is directing attention toward the Moon. Its proximity and distinct environment make it an ideal testbed for planetary science, resource utilization, and studies on human survival beyond Earth. As future missions demand greater crew, cargo, and equipment capacity, the need for advanced transfer design techniques to identify more efficient solutions is becoming increasingly critical. This thesis investigates the Hill Restricted Four-Body Problem, a coherent model that includes the Sun’s perturbation on the Earth–Moon system, as an alternative framework for impulsive Earth–Moon transfer design. The model is introduced and compared with a ephemeris-based, high-fidelity formulation to assess its validity and performance in the cislunar domain. A multiple-shooting optimization approach is implemented to transition from a simpler four-body approximation to trajectories in the current model. The resulting solutions serve as seed trajectories, then transformed to retrieve analogous transfers within the high-fidelity model, the Rotopulsating Restricted n-Body Problem. Such procedure allows to evaluate how accurately the Hill approximation reproduces real Sun–Earth–Moon system dynamics. The continuation between the two four-body models is successfully applied to several families of solutions. Despite challenges in extending the method to the high-fidelity model, valuable insights emerge for future refinement. The study confirms the potential of this framework for cislunar mission design, enhancing reliability with minimal efficiency loss.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246337