On-site chemical disinfection treatments are widely used in buildings to control health risks associated with Legionella pneumophila contamination in water distribution systems. While effective in reducing microbial contamination, these treatments can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which may pose health risks. Despite their growing use, there is currently no comprehensive framework to evaluate the trade-off between microbiological and chemical risks, which limits the ability to assess the overall benefits and drawbacks of such interventions and introduces uncertainty in their implementation. This project aims to address this gap by developing a standardized framework for the integrated evaluation of microbiological (QMRA) and chemical (QCRA) risks. The work begins with a systematic literature review, based on the 2024 RIVM report titled “Effectiveness and point of attention of Legionella management techniques applied in drinking water installations”, to select and extract relevant data from studies reporting the necessary parameters. A comprehensive database was then built and analyzed to identify a suitable case study for the final framework. Furthermore, a series of evaluations was carried out on the data contained in the database. A fundamental aspect and starting point of the project was the understanding and assessment of the material already available in the literature, as well as the identification of gaps and missing information reported in the studies. Subsequently, the framework for integrating microbiological and chemical risks was developed, and its applicability and the consistency of the assumptions made were evaluated through the selected case study from the database. In this context, the results obtained for this case study allowed for the assessment of the assumptions made during the construction of the two methods, ultimately producing a common outcome expressed in Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), which enables the comparison of the two risks both before and after the treatment.
I trattamenti di disinfezione chimica in situ sono ampiamente utilizzati negli edifici per il controllo dei rischi sanitari associati alla contaminazione da Legionella pneumophila nei sistemi di distribuzione idrica. Pur essendo efficaci nella riduzione della contaminazione microbiologica, tali trattamenti possono portare alla formazione di sottoprodotti della disinfezione (DBPs), alcuni dei quali possono rappresentare rischi per la salute. Nonostante l’uso crescente di queste tecnologie, al momento non esiste un framework completo per valutare il compromesso tra i rischi microbiologici e chimici, limitando la capacità di analizzare i benefici e gli svantaggi complessivi di tali interventi e introducendo incertezza nella loro applicazione. Questo progetto si propone di colmare tale lacuna sviluppando un framework standardizzato per la valutazione integrata dei rischi microbiologici (QMRA) e chimici (QCRA). Il lavoro inizia con una revisione sistematica della letteratura, basata sul rapporto RIVM del 2024 intitolato “Effectiveness and point of attention of Legionella management techniques applied in drinking water installations”, finalizzata alla selezione ed estrazione dei dati rilevanti dagli studi che riportano i parametri necessari. Successivamente, è stato costruito un database comprensivo, analizzato per identificare un caso studio adeguato all’applicazione del framework finale. Inoltre, sono state condotte diverse valutazioni sui dati contenuti nel database. Un aspetto fondamentale e punto di partenza del progetto è stato la comprensione e la valutazione del materiale già presente in letteratura, unitamente all’identificazione dei gap e delle informazioni mancanti negli studi. Successivamente, è stato sviluppato il framework per l’integrazione dei rischi microbiologici e chimici, e la sua applicabilità e la coerenza delle assunzioni adottate sono state valutate tramite il caso studio selezionato dal database. In questo contesto, i risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di valutare le assunzioni fatte durante la costruzione dei due metodi, producendo infine un risultato comune espresso in Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), che consente la comparazione dei due rischi sia prima che dopo il trattamento.
Microbial and chemical risks trade-off in on-site chemical disinfection treatments: a standardized framework for integrated risk assessment
BELLAZZI, LUCIA
2024/2025
Abstract
On-site chemical disinfection treatments are widely used in buildings to control health risks associated with Legionella pneumophila contamination in water distribution systems. While effective in reducing microbial contamination, these treatments can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which may pose health risks. Despite their growing use, there is currently no comprehensive framework to evaluate the trade-off between microbiological and chemical risks, which limits the ability to assess the overall benefits and drawbacks of such interventions and introduces uncertainty in their implementation. This project aims to address this gap by developing a standardized framework for the integrated evaluation of microbiological (QMRA) and chemical (QCRA) risks. The work begins with a systematic literature review, based on the 2024 RIVM report titled “Effectiveness and point of attention of Legionella management techniques applied in drinking water installations”, to select and extract relevant data from studies reporting the necessary parameters. A comprehensive database was then built and analyzed to identify a suitable case study for the final framework. Furthermore, a series of evaluations was carried out on the data contained in the database. A fundamental aspect and starting point of the project was the understanding and assessment of the material already available in the literature, as well as the identification of gaps and missing information reported in the studies. Subsequently, the framework for integrating microbiological and chemical risks was developed, and its applicability and the consistency of the assumptions made were evaluated through the selected case study from the database. In this context, the results obtained for this case study allowed for the assessment of the assumptions made during the construction of the two methods, ultimately producing a common outcome expressed in Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY), which enables the comparison of the two risks both before and after the treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246398