Addressing climate change, meeting energy demand, and ensuring food security for a growing global population are interconnected challenges. There is an urgent need, therefore, to find innovative and sustainable solutions capable of responding to them synergistically. The adoption of agrivoltaic (AV) systems, which involve the simultaneous use of land for photovoltaic (PV) energy generation and agricultural production, is a promising option for this purpose, yet it presents significant technical and regulatory challenges. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development of such projects. Initially, the study examines the existing literature on the subject, investigating plant classification, performance, agronomic impacts, simulation models, and key areas of innovation. Subsequently, the work explores the specific Italian regulatory and market scenario, which is rapidly evolving thanks to incentive mechanisms, aiming to understand its peculiarities. Drawing on practical internship experience at a company in the sector, the methodological chapter presents a detailed analysis of every phase of the project lifecycle in the Italian context, following current regulations and engineering best practices. The thesis then focuses on the development of a case study applied to an advanced AV plant in Italy. For its final design, an optimization code was used to determine the optimal spacing between module rows to maximize economic performance indicators, using real technical and economic data. This process revealed the need to balance economic maximization with established regulatory constraints. The final configuration selected for the plant allowed for full compliance with these requirements, enabling access to incentive mechanisms.
Affrontare i cambiamenti climatici, soddisfare la domanda energetica e garantire cibo a una popolazione mondiale crescente sono sfide interconnesse. È quindi urgente trovare soluzioni innovative e sostenibili capaci di rispondere ad esse sinergicamente. L’adozione di sistemi agrivoltaici (AV), che prevedono l’uso simultaneo di terreni per la produzione di energia fotovoltaica (FV) e la produzione agricola, è un’opzione promettente a tale scopo, che tuttavia presenta significative sfide tecniche e normative. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è fornire un’analisi completa dello sviluppo di tali progetti. Inizialmente, lo studio esamina la letteratura esistente in materia, indagando la classificazione degli impianti, le prestazioni, gli impatti agronomici, i modelli di simulazione e le principali aree di innovazione. Successivamente, il lavoro esplora lo specifico scenario normativo e di mercato italiano, in rapida evoluzione grazie a meccanismi di incentivazione, con l’obiettivo di comprenderne le peculiarità. Basandosi su un’esperienza di tirocinio presso un’azienda del settore, il capitolo metodologico presenta un’analisi dettagliata di ogni fase del ciclo di vita del progetto nel contesto italiano, seguendo le normative vigenti e le migliori pratiche ingegneristiche. La tesi poi si concentra sullo sviluppo di un caso studio applicato a un impianto AV avanzato in Italia. Per il suo dimensionamento definitivo, è stato utilizzato un codice di ottimizzazione per determinare la spaziatura ottimale tra le file di moduli tale da massimizzare gli indicatori di rendimento economico, utilizzando dati tecnici ed economici reali. Questo processo ha rivelato la necessità di bilanciare la massimizzazione economica con i vincoli normativi stabiliti. La configurazione finale selezionata per l’impianto ha permesso il pieno rispetto di tali requisiti, consentendo l’accesso ai meccanismi di incentivazione.
Unlocking agrivoltaic potential in Italy: optimization-integrated project development
Busellato, Valerio
2024/2025
Abstract
Addressing climate change, meeting energy demand, and ensuring food security for a growing global population are interconnected challenges. There is an urgent need, therefore, to find innovative and sustainable solutions capable of responding to them synergistically. The adoption of agrivoltaic (AV) systems, which involve the simultaneous use of land for photovoltaic (PV) energy generation and agricultural production, is a promising option for this purpose, yet it presents significant technical and regulatory challenges. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the development of such projects. Initially, the study examines the existing literature on the subject, investigating plant classification, performance, agronomic impacts, simulation models, and key areas of innovation. Subsequently, the work explores the specific Italian regulatory and market scenario, which is rapidly evolving thanks to incentive mechanisms, aiming to understand its peculiarities. Drawing on practical internship experience at a company in the sector, the methodological chapter presents a detailed analysis of every phase of the project lifecycle in the Italian context, following current regulations and engineering best practices. The thesis then focuses on the development of a case study applied to an advanced AV plant in Italy. For its final design, an optimization code was used to determine the optimal spacing between module rows to maximize economic performance indicators, using real technical and economic data. This process revealed the need to balance economic maximization with established regulatory constraints. The final configuration selected for the plant allowed for full compliance with these requirements, enabling access to incentive mechanisms.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246441