This thesis shows how Italian firms adopt Circular Economy principles, into their sustainability reporting set against the EU’s transition from the NFRD, to the CSRD and the rollout of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, ESRS E5 "Resource use and circular economy." The research adopts a cross‑sector analysis that spans six industries (transport, manufacturing, telecommunications, chemical–pharmaceutical, energy–utilities, and agri-food). The sample includes Italy -headquartered firms selected via ATECO codes. For each sector, the five largest by revenue were analyzed over 2022–2024 using published sustainability reports. Assessment follows three criteria (1) measurable targets, (2) strategic integration, and (3) double materiality each scored on an ordinal 0–4 scale aligned with ESRS logic. Findings show convergence in form but divergence in substance. While many companies re-architect their reports to mirror ESRS (including E5 sections and references to double materiality), substantive maturity remains uneven. Disclosures are dominated by output-oriented metrics (e.g., recycling, waste recovery) rather than life-cycle performance indicators and ESRS-style targets with baselines and horizons. Financial effects under E5-6 are rarely quantified. As a result, a gap persists between formal compliance and genuine strategic integration of circularity into planning, capital allocation, and performance management. Nonetheless, early movers emerge, particularly in energy–utilities, showing clearer links between E5 policies/actions/targets and governance, with ESRS-format DM matrices and IRO tables, though monetization of CE impacts remains rare. Sectoral evidence confirms a generalized upward trajectory over 2022–2024, but with uneven slopes. The thesis contributes an updated, Italy-focused evidence base and a comparative framework usable across sectors. Managerially, it outlines a roadmap to close gaps: define ESRS-consistent indicators and time-bound targets with baselines; broaden metrics beyond waste to life-cycle performance; embed CE in strategy, governance, and investment decisions; and progress toward credible reporting of economic–financial effects to support assurance and decision usefulness.
La presente tesi analizza come le imprese italiane stiano adottando i principi dell’Economia Circolare all’interno della rendicontazione di sostenibilità, nel contesto della transizione normativa europea dalla Direttiva NFRD alla CSRD e dell’introduzione degli European Sustainability Reporting Standards, in particolare dell’ESRS E5 “Resource use and circular economy.” La ricerca adotta un approccio di analisi cross-settoriale che coinvolge sei industrie (trasporti, manifatturiero, telecomunicazioni, chimico-farmaceutico, energia-utilities e agroalimentare). Il campione comprende imprese con sede legale in Italia, selezionate tramite codici ATECO; per ciascun settore sono state analizzate le cinque aziende con il maggiore fatturato, nel periodo 2022–2024, utilizzando i bilanci e le dichiarazioni di sostenibilità pubblicati. La valutazione si articola su tre criteri: (1) obiettivi misurabili, (2) integrazione strategica e (3) doppia materialità, ciascuno valutato su una scala ordinale 0–4 coerente con la logica degli ESRS. I risultati evidenziano una convergenza formale ma una divergenza sostanziale. Molte imprese hanno ristrutturato i propri report per allinearli agli ESRS (includendo sezioni dedicate all’E5 e riferimenti alla doppia materialità), ma il grado di maturità effettivo resta disomogeneo. Le disclosure sono dominate da metriche di output (es. riciclo, recupero dei rifiuti) piuttosto che da indicatori di performance lungo il ciclo di vita o da target in stile ESRS fondati su baseline e orizzonti temporali. Gli effetti economico-finanziari previsti dall’E5-6 sono raramente quantificati. Ne consegue un divario tra conformità formale e integrazione strategica sostanziale dei principi di circolarità nella pianificazione, nell’allocazione del capitale e nella gestione della performance. Emergono tuttavia first movers, in particolare nel settore energia-utilities, che mostrano collegamenti più chiari tra politiche, azioni, risorse e target E5 e i meccanismi di governance, con matrici di doppia materialità e tabelle IRO in formato ESRS, sebbene la monetizzazione degli impatti circolari resti rara. L’evidenza settoriale conferma una tendenza di miglioramento generale nel triennio 2022–2024, ma con velocità di progresso differenti tra i comparti. La tesi fornisce un quadro empirico aggiornato sul contesto italiano e una base comparativa applicabile a diversi settori. Dal punto di vista manageriale, propone una roadmap operativa per colmare i gap individuati. Tra questi troviamo il definire indicatori e obiettivi coerenti con l’ESRS e temporalmente vincolati; ampliare le metriche oltre la gestione dei rifiuti verso la performance di ciclo di vita; integrare la CE nella strategia, nella governance e nelle decisioni di investimento; e avanzare verso una rendicontazione credibile degli effetti economico-finanziari a supporto dell’assurance e dell’utilità decisionale.
Towards sustainable circular reporting: how italian companies are embracing europe's new sustainability standards
Urilli, Francesco
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis shows how Italian firms adopt Circular Economy principles, into their sustainability reporting set against the EU’s transition from the NFRD, to the CSRD and the rollout of the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, ESRS E5 "Resource use and circular economy." The research adopts a cross‑sector analysis that spans six industries (transport, manufacturing, telecommunications, chemical–pharmaceutical, energy–utilities, and agri-food). The sample includes Italy -headquartered firms selected via ATECO codes. For each sector, the five largest by revenue were analyzed over 2022–2024 using published sustainability reports. Assessment follows three criteria (1) measurable targets, (2) strategic integration, and (3) double materiality each scored on an ordinal 0–4 scale aligned with ESRS logic. Findings show convergence in form but divergence in substance. While many companies re-architect their reports to mirror ESRS (including E5 sections and references to double materiality), substantive maturity remains uneven. Disclosures are dominated by output-oriented metrics (e.g., recycling, waste recovery) rather than life-cycle performance indicators and ESRS-style targets with baselines and horizons. Financial effects under E5-6 are rarely quantified. As a result, a gap persists between formal compliance and genuine strategic integration of circularity into planning, capital allocation, and performance management. Nonetheless, early movers emerge, particularly in energy–utilities, showing clearer links between E5 policies/actions/targets and governance, with ESRS-format DM matrices and IRO tables, though monetization of CE impacts remains rare. Sectoral evidence confirms a generalized upward trajectory over 2022–2024, but with uneven slopes. The thesis contributes an updated, Italy-focused evidence base and a comparative framework usable across sectors. Managerially, it outlines a roadmap to close gaps: define ESRS-consistent indicators and time-bound targets with baselines; broaden metrics beyond waste to life-cycle performance; embed CE in strategy, governance, and investment decisions; and progress toward credible reporting of economic–financial effects to support assurance and decision usefulness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246508