This thesis presents a proof of concept of the dynamic dipolar coupling occurring in a magnonic device composed of two CoFeB layers separated by a non-magnetic MgO spacer. Previous studies, related to laterally coupled waveguides, have shown that the dynamic dipolar interaction between two ferromagnetic layers leads to a splitting of the spin-wave dispersion relation of a single waveguide into two branches, referred to as the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. The coexistence of these modes has an important consequence: when the system is excited at a single frequency for which both modes are allowed, the spin-wave energy periodically transfers from one waveguide to the other. In principle, this mechanism can serve as the basis for a magnon-based directional coupler. To overcome the limitations of planar magnonic architectures and enable higher integration densities, this work explores vertical coupling between stacked ferromagnetic layers, representing a fundamental step towards three-dimensional magnonic devices. At variance with laterally coupled waveguides, in this configuration the two modes can cross each other, thus introducing an additional complexity. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published experimental data on vertical couplers. The aim of this thesis is providing a first validation of theoretical predictions on the band dispersion of coupled modes in the low wavevector range accessible via broadband spectroscopy with micron sized RF antennas. The thesis is organized as follows. After describing the physical background of the phenomenon and of the experimental methods used for devices fabrication and characterization, a micromagnetic simulation campaign is presented to analyze the system response as a function of geometrical and external parameters. These results form the foundation for the final part, which discusses the fabrication of vertical couplers with different widths and compares experimental observations with the predictions derived from simulations.
Questa tesi presenta una prova di concetto dell’accoppiamento dipolare dinamico che si manifesta in un dispositivo magnonico costituito da due strati di CoFeB separati da uno strato non magnetico di MgO. Studi precedenti, relativi a guide d’onda lateralmente accoppiate, hanno mostrato che l’interazione dipolare dinamica tra due strati ferromagnetici porta la relazione di dispersione delle onde di spin di una singola guida d’onda a scindersi in due rami distinti, detti modi simmetrico e antisimmetrico. La coesistenza di questi modi ha una conseguenza rilevante: quando il sistema viene eccitato a una frequenza per la quale entrambi sono permessi, l’energia delle onde di spin si trasferisce periodicamente da una guida d’onda all’altra. In linea di principio, questo meccanismo può costituire la base per un accoppiatore direzionale magnonico. Per superare i limiti delle architetture magnoniche planari e favorire una maggiore densità di integrazione, in questo lavoro viene esplorato l’accoppiamento verticale tra strati ferromagnetici sovrapposti, rappresentando un passo fondamentale verso dispositivi magnonici tridimensionali. A differenza delle guide d’onda lateralmente accoppiate, in questa configurazione i due modi possono incrociarsi, introducendo così un’ulteriore complessità. Per quanto a nostra conoscenza, non esistono dati sperimentali pubblicati sugli accoppiatori verticali. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è fornire una prima validazione delle previsioni teoriche sulla dispersione delle bande dei modi accoppiati nel regime di basso numero d’onda accessibile tramite spettroscopia a banda larga con antenne RF micrometriche. La tesi è organizzata come segue. Dopo aver descritto il quadro fisico del fenomeno ed i metodi sperimentali utilizzati per la fabbricazione e la caratterizzazione dei dispositivi, viene presentata una campagna di simulazioni micromagnetiche volte ad analizzare la risposta del sistema in funzione dei parametri geometrici ed esterni. Questi risultati costituiscono la base per l'ultima parte, che descrive la fabbricazione degli accoppiatori verticali di diversa larghezza e confronta le osservazioni sperimentali con le previsioni ottenute dalle simulazioni.
Low-k investigation of vertically coupled magnonic waveguides
FUMAGALLI, GIULIO MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis presents a proof of concept of the dynamic dipolar coupling occurring in a magnonic device composed of two CoFeB layers separated by a non-magnetic MgO spacer. Previous studies, related to laterally coupled waveguides, have shown that the dynamic dipolar interaction between two ferromagnetic layers leads to a splitting of the spin-wave dispersion relation of a single waveguide into two branches, referred to as the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. The coexistence of these modes has an important consequence: when the system is excited at a single frequency for which both modes are allowed, the spin-wave energy periodically transfers from one waveguide to the other. In principle, this mechanism can serve as the basis for a magnon-based directional coupler. To overcome the limitations of planar magnonic architectures and enable higher integration densities, this work explores vertical coupling between stacked ferromagnetic layers, representing a fundamental step towards three-dimensional magnonic devices. At variance with laterally coupled waveguides, in this configuration the two modes can cross each other, thus introducing an additional complexity. To the best of our knowledge, there are no published experimental data on vertical couplers. The aim of this thesis is providing a first validation of theoretical predictions on the band dispersion of coupled modes in the low wavevector range accessible via broadband spectroscopy with micron sized RF antennas. The thesis is organized as follows. After describing the physical background of the phenomenon and of the experimental methods used for devices fabrication and characterization, a micromagnetic simulation campaign is presented to analyze the system response as a function of geometrical and external parameters. These results form the foundation for the final part, which discusses the fabrication of vertical couplers with different widths and compares experimental observations with the predictions derived from simulations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2025_12_Fumagalli_Tesi.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
13.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
13.4 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2025_12_Fumagalli_Executive_Summary.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive summary
Dimensione
3.75 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.75 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246561