Semi-active suspension systems are an optimal solution for improving the trade-off between comfort and road-holding. The near real-time correction of the applied damping ratio and the possibility of implementing manoeuvre-specific strategies make these systems highly effective in controlling the ride dynamics and the trim of the vehicle without the complexity, weight, energy demand and cost associated with active systems. Semi-active suspension systems are a relatively recent application for motorcycles with the first implementations dating back to the early 2010s. Current development methodologies rely on simplified models and primarily on expensive and time-consuming road testing. Consequently, the industry is seeking advanced modelling methodologies to reduce development time and costs, enhance repeatability and result quality, explore theoretical the performance limits and extend testing to safety-critical scenarios. Multibody models represent the most detailed approach for vehicle dynamics simulations. Their application is established for semi-active suspension system analysis for cars, however a negligible use for motorcycles is documented in literature. A real-time multibody model-in-the-loop framework, with real semi-active suspension control logic integrated, addresses the shortcomings of the present methodology providing accurate, objective results in repeatable and controlled environments and allowing for faster and automated optimisation with infinite scenarios possibilities. IPG MotorcycleMaker was employed for the multibody model and, with its MotorcycleMaker for Simulink extension, a fully non-linear digital-twin of the motorcycle and semi-active suspension was developed. The performance of state-of-the-art control logics and of a real on-the-market motorcycle and control logics configuration were tested in terms of comfort, road holding and trim control. The ultimate aim of this work is to prove the advantages brought by this real-time multibody model-in-the-loop framework to the development of semi-active suspension systems for motorcycles as well as present the performance results of the real system under analysis compared to the ideal theoretically performance limits.
Le sospensioni semi-attive rappresentano una soluzione ottimale per migliorare il compromesso tra comfort e tenuta di strada. La modifica dello smorzamento quasi in tempo reale e l'implementazione di strategie specifiche per diverse manovre rende questi sistemi efficaci nel miglioramento del comfort di guida e nel controllo dell’assetto, senza la complessità, il peso, il consumo energetico e i costi associati ai sistemi attivi. Le sospensioni semi-attive sono un’applicazione relativamente recente per le motociclette, con le prime implementazioni risalenti ai primi anni 2010. Le attuali metodologie di sviluppo si basano su modelli semplificati e soprattutto su test su strada costosi e lunghi. Di conseguenza, il settore è alla ricerca di metodologie di modellazione avanzate per ridurre i tempi e i costi di sviluppo, migliorare la ripetibilità e la qualità dei risultati, trovare i limiti teorici di prestazione ed estendere i test anche a scenari critici per la sicurezza. I modelli multibody rappresentano l’approccio più dettagliato nelle simulazioni della dinamica del veicolo. Il loro impiego è consolidato per l’analisi delle sospensioni semi-attive nelle automobili, tuttavia l'uso per le moticlette è minimo in letteratura. La creazione di un digital-twin model-in-the-loop basato su un modello multibody real-time con controllo semi-attivo integrato consente di superare le limitazioni della metodologia attuale, fornendo risultati accurati e oggettivi in ambienti ripetibili e controllati, e permettendo un’ottimizzazione più rapida con possibilità di esplorare scenari pressoché infiniti. IPG MotorcycleMaker è stato utilizzato per il modello multibody e, tramite la sua estensione Motorcyclemaker for Simulink, è stato sviluppato un digital-twin completamente non lineare della motocicletta e del sistema di sospensioni semi-attive. Con questo modello sono state analizzate le prestazioni delle logiche di controllo allo stato dell’arte e di una configurazione reale di motocicletta e logica di controllo in fase di sperimentazione. L’obiettivo finale di questo lavoro è dimostrare i vantaggi apportati da questo approcciato basato su modello multibody model-in-the-loop real-time per lo sviluppo di sistemi di sospensioni semi-attive per motociclette e presentare i risultati del sistema reale analizzato, confrontati con i limiti ideali.
Use of model-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop numerical real-time simulation for assessment and tuning of semi-active suspension systems for motorcycles
Colombo, Davide
2024/2025
Abstract
Semi-active suspension systems are an optimal solution for improving the trade-off between comfort and road-holding. The near real-time correction of the applied damping ratio and the possibility of implementing manoeuvre-specific strategies make these systems highly effective in controlling the ride dynamics and the trim of the vehicle without the complexity, weight, energy demand and cost associated with active systems. Semi-active suspension systems are a relatively recent application for motorcycles with the first implementations dating back to the early 2010s. Current development methodologies rely on simplified models and primarily on expensive and time-consuming road testing. Consequently, the industry is seeking advanced modelling methodologies to reduce development time and costs, enhance repeatability and result quality, explore theoretical the performance limits and extend testing to safety-critical scenarios. Multibody models represent the most detailed approach for vehicle dynamics simulations. Their application is established for semi-active suspension system analysis for cars, however a negligible use for motorcycles is documented in literature. A real-time multibody model-in-the-loop framework, with real semi-active suspension control logic integrated, addresses the shortcomings of the present methodology providing accurate, objective results in repeatable and controlled environments and allowing for faster and automated optimisation with infinite scenarios possibilities. IPG MotorcycleMaker was employed for the multibody model and, with its MotorcycleMaker for Simulink extension, a fully non-linear digital-twin of the motorcycle and semi-active suspension was developed. The performance of state-of-the-art control logics and of a real on-the-market motorcycle and control logics configuration were tested in terms of comfort, road holding and trim control. The ultimate aim of this work is to prove the advantages brought by this real-time multibody model-in-the-loop framework to the development of semi-active suspension systems for motorcycles as well as present the performance results of the real system under analysis compared to the ideal theoretically performance limits.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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ExecutiveSummary_MSc_Davide_Colombo.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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2.08 MB
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2.08 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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MSc_THESIS_Davide_Colombo_v2.pdf
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Descrizione: MSc Thesis
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13.85 MB
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13.85 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246575