This thesis aims to study and analyze the dynamics of a particular type of permanent meadow that has existed for centuries in the Po Valley: the marcita (water meadow), a traditional agronomic practice. Unlike conventional permanent grasslands, the marcita is characterized by continuous irrigation throughout the year, including during winter. It represents a clear example of conservative and sustainable agriculture, allowing humans to integrate into the natural environment without compromising it. The objective of this work was to assess to what extent marcite differ, in terms of ecosystem services, from similar agricultural surfaces that are not subjected to winter irrigation. To this end, three spectral indices were selected: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), which serve as proxies for ecosystem variables such as primary productivity and vegetation moisture content. These variables can provide indications on two specific ecosystem services: carbon sequestration and the regulation of the hydrological cycle. Using Sentinel-2 satellite data, it was then possible to perform some elaborations for the various types of agricultural land present within the study area—the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano—in order to identify the main differences among the agricultural systems considered. The analyses, conducted at multiple levels of detail and supported by statistical tests, showed that active marcite maintain higher and more stable index values throughout the year compared to other soil types. In particular, winter irrigation ensures continuous vegetative growth and greater water-use efficiency, especially in spring. Overall, the results confirm the agronomic and ecological value of marcite as resilient systems that should be preserved and enhanced within the agricultural landscape of Lombardy.
La presente tesi si propone di studiare e analizzare le dinamiche di una particolare tipologia di prato stabile presente da secoli in Pianura Padana, la marcita, una pratica agronomica tradizionale. Quest’ultima, a differenza dei prati permanenti “classici”, è caratterizzata da un’irrigazione continua durante tutto l’anno, compreso l’inverno. Essa rappresenta un chiaro esempio di agricoltura conservativa e sostenibile, grazie alla quale l’uomo può inserirsi nel contesto naturale senza comprometterlo. L’obiettivo del lavoro è stato quello di valutare in che misura le marcite si differenzino, dal punto di vista dei servizi ecosistemici, da suoli agricoli simili ma non soggetti a irrigazione invernale. A tale scopo sono stati scelti tre indici spettrali, il Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), il Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) e il Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), che fungono da proxy per variabili ecosistemiche quali la produttività primaria e l’umidità presente nella biomassa vegetale. Queste ultime possono fornire indicazioni su due particolari servizi ecosistemici: il sequestro di carbonio e la regolazione del ciclo idrologico. Grazie ai dati satellitari Sentinel-2 è stato poi possibile eseguire delle elaborazioni per le diverse tipologie di superfici agricole presenti nell’area di studio, ovvero il Parco Agricolo Sud Milano, al fine di individuare le principali differenze tra i sistemi agricoli considerati. Le analisi, articolate su diversi livelli di approfondimento e supportate da test statistici, hanno mostrato che le marcite attive mantengono valori degli indici più elevati e più stabili nel corso dell’anno rispetto alle altre tipologie di suolo. In particolare, l’irrigazione invernale garantisce una crescita vegetativa continua e una maggiore efficienza nell’uso dell’acqua, soprattutto in primavera. Nel complesso, i risultati confermano il valore agronomico ed ecologico delle marcite come sistemi resilienti, che devono essere conservati e valorizzati nel paesaggio agricolo lombardo.
Pratiche agronomiche tradizionali e servizi ecosistemici: valutazione comparativa dei benefici delle marcite nel Parco Agricolo Sud Milano tramite osservazioni satellitari
Panepinto, Sara
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to study and analyze the dynamics of a particular type of permanent meadow that has existed for centuries in the Po Valley: the marcita (water meadow), a traditional agronomic practice. Unlike conventional permanent grasslands, the marcita is characterized by continuous irrigation throughout the year, including during winter. It represents a clear example of conservative and sustainable agriculture, allowing humans to integrate into the natural environment without compromising it. The objective of this work was to assess to what extent marcite differ, in terms of ecosystem services, from similar agricultural surfaces that are not subjected to winter irrigation. To this end, three spectral indices were selected: the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), which serve as proxies for ecosystem variables such as primary productivity and vegetation moisture content. These variables can provide indications on two specific ecosystem services: carbon sequestration and the regulation of the hydrological cycle. Using Sentinel-2 satellite data, it was then possible to perform some elaborations for the various types of agricultural land present within the study area—the Parco Agricolo Sud Milano—in order to identify the main differences among the agricultural systems considered. The analyses, conducted at multiple levels of detail and supported by statistical tests, showed that active marcite maintain higher and more stable index values throughout the year compared to other soil types. In particular, winter irrigation ensures continuous vegetative growth and greater water-use efficiency, especially in spring. Overall, the results confirm the agronomic and ecological value of marcite as resilient systems that should be preserved and enhanced within the agricultural landscape of Lombardy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Panepinto.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246644