This Master’s thesis focuses on the design, fabrication, and characterization of two types of spintronic devices based on spin–charge interconversion phenomena: the Alloy structures and the Optical structures. The Alloy structures were fabricated on SiGe substrates and used as a benchmark for optimizing the lithographic processes at the L-NESS laboratories, with particular emphasis on electron-beam exposure parameters and lift-off conditions. The fabricated devices exhibit well-defined geometries and electrical behaviour consistent with expectations. Nevertheless, no Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) signal was detected, a result attributed to the high defect density in the starting substrate, which acts as p-type doping. This indicates that future work should replicate the process established here while employing higher-quality, pre-characterized substrates. The Optical structures, fabricated on bulk germanium, require a more elaborate fabrication process and a more complex operating principle, derived from that of the Alloy structures. They also incorporate an AgSb/Ge metal junction, which was investigated in detail to ensure its Ohmic behavior. Electrical measurements performed at L-NESS confirmed the Ohmic nature of the contact after thermal annealing, in agreement with previous literature. Moreover, the Optical structures enabled the PoliMi team to detect an ISHE signal under applied bias.
Questa tesi magistrale si concentra sulla progettazione, la fabbricazione e la caratterizzazione di due tipologie di dispositivi spintronici basati su fenomeni di spin–charge interconversion: le strutture Alloy e le strutture Optical. Le strutture Alloy sono state realizzate su substrati di SiGe e utilizzate come riferimento per l’ottimizzazione dei processi litografici presso i laboratori L-NESS, con particolare enfasi sui parametri di esposizione in electron-beam lithography e sulle condizioni di lift-off. I dispositivi ottenuti presentano geometrie ben definite e un comportamento elettrico coerente con le aspettative. Tuttavia, non è stato rilevato alcun segnale di Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE), risultato attribuito all’elevata densità di difetti nel substrato di partenza, che agisce come drogaggio di tipo p. Ciò indica che sviluppi futuri dovranno replicare il processo qui definito impiegando substrati di qualità superiore e pre-caratterizzati. Le strutture Optical, realizzate su germanio bulk, richiedono un processo di fabbricazione più articolato e un principio di funzionamento più complesso, derivato da quello delle strutture Alloy. Esse includono inoltre una giunzione metallica AgSb/Ge, oggetto di un’indagine approfondita volta a verificarne il comportamento ohmico. Le misure elettriche eseguite presso L-NESS hanno confermato la natura ohmica del contatto dopo il processo di annealing termico, in accordo con la letteratura precedente. Inoltre, le strutture Optical hanno permesso al team del PoliMi di rilevare un segnale ISHE sotto bias applicato.
Design and nanofabrication of Ge-based spintronic devices via optical spin injection mechanisms
Lambruschi, Matteo
2024/2025
Abstract
This Master’s thesis focuses on the design, fabrication, and characterization of two types of spintronic devices based on spin–charge interconversion phenomena: the Alloy structures and the Optical structures. The Alloy structures were fabricated on SiGe substrates and used as a benchmark for optimizing the lithographic processes at the L-NESS laboratories, with particular emphasis on electron-beam exposure parameters and lift-off conditions. The fabricated devices exhibit well-defined geometries and electrical behaviour consistent with expectations. Nevertheless, no Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) signal was detected, a result attributed to the high defect density in the starting substrate, which acts as p-type doping. This indicates that future work should replicate the process established here while employing higher-quality, pre-characterized substrates. The Optical structures, fabricated on bulk germanium, require a more elaborate fabrication process and a more complex operating principle, derived from that of the Alloy structures. They also incorporate an AgSb/Ge metal junction, which was investigated in detail to ensure its Ohmic behavior. Electrical measurements performed at L-NESS confirmed the Ohmic nature of the contact after thermal annealing, in agreement with previous literature. Moreover, the Optical structures enabled the PoliMi team to detect an ISHE signal under applied bias.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Lambruschi_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Lambruschi_Executive summary.pdf
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4.3 MB
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4.3 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246646