This thesis investigates how startups in nascent industries engage with customers to develop their products under conditions of technological and market uncertainty. Focusing on six Italian ventures in the New Space Economy, it examines how entrepreneurs construct legitimacy, validate value, and achieve commercialization in an industry where both markets and institutions are still in formation. Adopting an inductive multiple-case study design grounded in the Gioia methodology, the research identifies a three-phase process: Legitimation, Validation, and Commercialization, that explains how startups transform experimental technologies into credible, valuable, and scalable offerings. The findings reveal that, in nascent industries, product development is inseparable from market and legitimacy construction. In the Legitimation phase, startups overcome skepticism by associating with credible partners and institutions, gaining technological or business legitimacy. In the Validation phase, they co-develop and test applications with early customers, translating technical potential into demonstrable value. Finally, in the Commercialization phase, they codify prior learning into modular product architectures and embed their solutions within larger ecosystems, achieving scalability through integration rather than replication. The study contributes to three theoretical domains. It reframes startup new product development as a process of sequential legitimacy-building; it identifies the microfoundations of nascent industry structuring through startup–customer interactions; and it conceptualizes the New Space Economy as a hybrid ecosystem co-evolving between institutional and commercial logics. The research shows that in emerging industries, entrepreneurs do not merely adapt to existing markets, they actively create them through the relational and institutional work embedded in product development.
La presente tesi indaga come le startup operanti in industrie nascenti interagiscono con i clienti per sviluppare i propri prodotti in condizioni di incertezza tecnologica e di mercato. Analizzando sei startup italiane appartenenti alla New Space Economy, lo studio esplora come gli imprenditori costruiscono legittimità, validano il prodotto e raggiungono la commercializzazione in un contesto in cui mercati e istituzioni sono ancora in via di formazione. Attraverso un metodo di ricerca qualitativo e induttivo basato su case study multipli e sulla Gioia methodology, la ricerca identifica un processo articolato in tre fasi: Legittimazione, Validazione e Commercializzazione, che spiega come le startup trasformano tecnologie sperimentali in offerte credibili, di valore e scalabili. I risultati mostrano che, nelle industrie nascenti, lo sviluppo del prodotto è inseparabile dalla costruzione del mercato e della legittimità. Nella fase di Legittimazione, le startup superano lo scetticismo iniziale associandosi a partner e istituzioni riconosciute, ottenendo legittimità tecnologica o di business. Nella fase di Validazione, co-sviluppano e testano le applicazioni con i primi clienti, traducendo il potenziale tecnico in valore dimostrabile. Infine, nella fase di Commercializzazione, codificano l’apprendimento maturato in architetture di prodotto modulari e integrano le proprie soluzioni in ecosistemi più ampi, raggiungendo la scalabilità attraverso l’integrazione piuttosto che la mera replicazione. La tesi contribuisce a tre domini teorici. Ridefinisce il New Product Development nelle startup come un processo di costruzione sequenziale della legittimità; identifica le microfondazioni dei processi di strutturazione delle industrie nascenti nelle interazioni tra startup e clienti; e concettualizza la New Space Economy come un ecosistema ibrido che co-evolve tra logiche istituzionali e commerciali.
Navigating uncertainty in nascent industries: how new space startups build legitimacy and commercialize innovation
Maccarrone, Daniele
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates how startups in nascent industries engage with customers to develop their products under conditions of technological and market uncertainty. Focusing on six Italian ventures in the New Space Economy, it examines how entrepreneurs construct legitimacy, validate value, and achieve commercialization in an industry where both markets and institutions are still in formation. Adopting an inductive multiple-case study design grounded in the Gioia methodology, the research identifies a three-phase process: Legitimation, Validation, and Commercialization, that explains how startups transform experimental technologies into credible, valuable, and scalable offerings. The findings reveal that, in nascent industries, product development is inseparable from market and legitimacy construction. In the Legitimation phase, startups overcome skepticism by associating with credible partners and institutions, gaining technological or business legitimacy. In the Validation phase, they co-develop and test applications with early customers, translating technical potential into demonstrable value. Finally, in the Commercialization phase, they codify prior learning into modular product architectures and embed their solutions within larger ecosystems, achieving scalability through integration rather than replication. The study contributes to three theoretical domains. It reframes startup new product development as a process of sequential legitimacy-building; it identifies the microfoundations of nascent industry structuring through startup–customer interactions; and it conceptualizes the New Space Economy as a hybrid ecosystem co-evolving between institutional and commercial logics. The research shows that in emerging industries, entrepreneurs do not merely adapt to existing markets, they actively create them through the relational and institutional work embedded in product development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Maccarrone_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Maccarrone_Executive summary .pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246657