Action Observation Therapy (AOT) and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) have been identified as promising interventions for enhancing motor recovery and promoting neuroplasticity. However, the efficacy of their combined application remains to be elucidated. This study, developed in collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi in the framework of the OTHELLO project, aims to assess the feasibility of an integrated AOT + NMES rehabilitation protocol for upper limb motor recovery in post-stroke patients through a preliminary study. The protocol encompassed 13 healthy subjects and 20 post-stroke patients afflicted with moderate hemiparesis. These patients were randomized into three groups and underwent a three-week treatment: AOT-NMES (observation of functional actions combined with subthreshold NMES), AOT (observation only), and MNO (observation of neutral stimuli). The movement assessment of the upper limb was conducted utilizing an optoelectronic system and electromyographic sensors while the participants performed motor tasks derived from the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). These included objects grasping and manipulation, hand-to-mouth and hand-to-head movements representing activities of daily living (ADL), and forearm pronation-supination. The kinematic parameters that were analyzed included movement duration, velocity, Range of Motion (ROM), Spectral Arc Length (SPARC), Log Dimensionless Jerk (LDLJ) and Number of Movement Units (NMU). Instrumental measurements were integrated with the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) scale to verify the potential association between kinematic improvements and functional recovery. Preliminary results suggest that the integration of kinematic measures with clinical assessments may represent a promising approach to objectively describe motor recovery after stroke in response to rehabilitative treatment. Further studies on larger samples and with extended follow-up protocols will be needed to confirm the reproducibility of the results and to deepen the understanding of the sensitivity of the identified parameters.
La Action Observation Therapy (AOT) e la Stimolazione Elettrica Neuromuscolare (NMES) sono riconosciute per il loro potenziale nel promuovere il recupero motorio e la neuroplasticità, ma il loro utilizzo combinato non è stato finora esplorato. Il presente lavoro, sviluppato in collaborazione tra il Politecnico di Milano e l’IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi di Milano nell’ambito del progetto OTHELLO, si propone di valutare la fattibilità di un protocollo riabilitativo integrato AOT + NMES per il recupero motorio dell’arto superiore in pazienti post-ictus, con uno studio preliminare. Il protocollo ha coinvolto 13 soggetti sani e 20 pazienti post-ictus con emiparesi moderata, questi ultimi randomizzati in tre gruppi e sottoposti a un trattamento di tre settimane: AOT-NMES (osservazione di azioni funzionali con NMES sottosoglia motoria), AOT (sola osservazione) e MNO (osservazione di stimoli neutri). La valutazione del movimento dell’arto superiore è stata effettuata con un sistema optoelettronico e dei sensori elettromiografici durante l’esecuzione di compiti motori derivati dall’Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) che comprendevano azioni di presa e manipolazione di oggetti, movimenti mano-bocca e mano-testa rappresentativi di attività della vita quotidiana (ADL) e pronosupinazione dell’avambraccio. Sono stati analizzati i parametri cinematici di durata, velocità, Range of Motion (ROM), Spectral Arc Length (SPARC), Log Dimensionless Jerk (LDLJ) e Number of Movement Units (NMU). Le misure strumentali sono state integrate con la scala clinica Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) per verificare l'eventuale associazione tra miglioramenti cinematici e recupero funzionale. I risultati preliminari suggeriscono che l’integrazione tra misure cinematiche e valutazioni cliniche possa rappresentare un approccio promettente per descrivere in modo oggettivo il recupero motorio post-ictus in risposta al trattamento riabilitativo. Studi futuri, condotti su campioni più ampi e con protocolli di follow-up prolungati, saranno necessari per confermare la riproducibilità dei risultati e approfondire la sensibilità dei parametri individuati.
Implementazione e fattibilità di un protocollo per l'integrazione della NMES nel trattamento riabilitativo basato su AOT in pazienti post-ictus
Silai, Ylenia
2024/2025
Abstract
Action Observation Therapy (AOT) and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) have been identified as promising interventions for enhancing motor recovery and promoting neuroplasticity. However, the efficacy of their combined application remains to be elucidated. This study, developed in collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi in the framework of the OTHELLO project, aims to assess the feasibility of an integrated AOT + NMES rehabilitation protocol for upper limb motor recovery in post-stroke patients through a preliminary study. The protocol encompassed 13 healthy subjects and 20 post-stroke patients afflicted with moderate hemiparesis. These patients were randomized into three groups and underwent a three-week treatment: AOT-NMES (observation of functional actions combined with subthreshold NMES), AOT (observation only), and MNO (observation of neutral stimuli). The movement assessment of the upper limb was conducted utilizing an optoelectronic system and electromyographic sensors while the participants performed motor tasks derived from the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). These included objects grasping and manipulation, hand-to-mouth and hand-to-head movements representing activities of daily living (ADL), and forearm pronation-supination. The kinematic parameters that were analyzed included movement duration, velocity, Range of Motion (ROM), Spectral Arc Length (SPARC), Log Dimensionless Jerk (LDLJ) and Number of Movement Units (NMU). Instrumental measurements were integrated with the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) scale to verify the potential association between kinematic improvements and functional recovery. Preliminary results suggest that the integration of kinematic measures with clinical assessments may represent a promising approach to objectively describe motor recovery after stroke in response to rehabilitative treatment. Further studies on larger samples and with extended follow-up protocols will be needed to confirm the reproducibility of the results and to deepen the understanding of the sensitivity of the identified parameters.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Silai_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Silai_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246761