The cocoa supply chain is characterized by the coexistence of multiple crises that go beyond environmental concerns to include persistence social challenges (Vinci et al., 2024). In this complicated context, certifications and sustainability initiatives struggle to mitigate social impacts, due to data gaps and fragmented social metric (Kumar et al., 2023). This research addresses this challenge by developing a practical tool for evaluating social sustainability practices in the upstream of the chain. Conducted collaboratively with ICAM Chocolate Uganda Ltd., the study aims to create a model adaptable to other agri-food supply chains by adjusting the methodological process and resulting tools. The purpose of this assessment tool is twofold: to operationalise social sustainability through concrete quantifiable indicators; and, to support the decision-making process through a structured framework, for the continuous improvement of sustainability strategies. The study adopts a collaborative research approach, integrating theoretical academic inquiry into industrial practice. It first explored how social sustainability can be structured in this context by identifying twelve key social dimensions, aligned with international standards, that define the critical social areas. Each dimension was translated into a set of corporate practices and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A hierarchical, weighted framework based on the traffic-light logic was then developed to aggregate results from KPIs to corporate practices, from the latest to social dimensions, and ultimately to an overall Social Sustainability Index. Data triangulation between field surveys, company documentation, and international benchmarks ensured accuracy and comparability across sourcing models. Findings show that the SSI enables a comprehensive and transparent evaluation of social performance, revealing both systemic strengths and critical gaps: the multi-level structure of the tool facilitates the shift from fragmented metrics to an integrated, decision-oriented system, validated through its application with ICAM. The study contributes to regenerative supply chain management by translating social sustainability from a conceptual ideal into an operational model.
La filiera del cacao è caratterizzata dalla coesistenza di crisi multiple che vanno oltre le problematiche ambientali, includendo persistenti sfide sociali (Vinci et al., 2024). In questo complesso contesto, certificazioni e iniziative di sostenibilità faticano a ridurre gli impatti sociali a causa della frammentazione delle metriche e della scarsità di dati affidabili (Kumar et al., 2023). Questa ricerca affronta tale sfida sviluppando uno strumento pratico per valutare le pratiche di sostenibilità sociale nella parte a monte della catena. Condotto in collaborazione con ICAM Chocolate Uganda Ltd., lo studio mira a creare un modello adattabile ad altre filiere agroalimentari, modificando il processo metodologico e gli strumenti risultanti. L’obiettivo è duplice: rendere operativa la sostenibilità sociale attraverso indicatori quantitativi concreti e supportare il processo decisionale aziendale con un quadro strutturato di miglioramento continuo. La ricerca adotta un approccio collaborativo, integrando l’analisi teorica accademica con la pratica industriale. Sono state identificate dodici dimensioni sociali chiave, allineate agli standard internazionali, poi tradotte in pratiche aziendali e indicatori chiave di performance (KPI) misurabili. È stato poi sviluppato un framework gerarchico e ponderato basato su una logica “a semaforo”, capace di aggregare i risultati dai KPI alle pratiche aziendali, da queste alle dimensioni sociali, fino a un Indice di Sostenibilità Sociale (SSI) complessivo. La triangolazione dei dati tra indagini di campo, documentazione aziendale e benchmark internazionali garantisce accuratezza e comparabilità tra diversi modelli di approvvigionamento. I risultati mostrano che l’SSI consente una valutazione completa e trasparente della performance sociale, evidenziando sia punti di forza sistemici sia aree critiche. La struttura multilivello dello strumento favorisce il passaggio da metriche frammentate a un sistema integrato e orientato alle decisioni, validato attraverso la sua applicazione con ICAM. Lo studio contribuisce al management rigenerativo delle catene di fornitura, traducendo la sostenibilità sociale da concetto teorico a modello operativo.
A social sustainability index for cocoa supply chains: conceptual framework and application to ICAM Chocolate Uganda Ltd.
Airoldi, Samuele;IMBRIANI, ATTILIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The cocoa supply chain is characterized by the coexistence of multiple crises that go beyond environmental concerns to include persistence social challenges (Vinci et al., 2024). In this complicated context, certifications and sustainability initiatives struggle to mitigate social impacts, due to data gaps and fragmented social metric (Kumar et al., 2023). This research addresses this challenge by developing a practical tool for evaluating social sustainability practices in the upstream of the chain. Conducted collaboratively with ICAM Chocolate Uganda Ltd., the study aims to create a model adaptable to other agri-food supply chains by adjusting the methodological process and resulting tools. The purpose of this assessment tool is twofold: to operationalise social sustainability through concrete quantifiable indicators; and, to support the decision-making process through a structured framework, for the continuous improvement of sustainability strategies. The study adopts a collaborative research approach, integrating theoretical academic inquiry into industrial practice. It first explored how social sustainability can be structured in this context by identifying twelve key social dimensions, aligned with international standards, that define the critical social areas. Each dimension was translated into a set of corporate practices and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). A hierarchical, weighted framework based on the traffic-light logic was then developed to aggregate results from KPIs to corporate practices, from the latest to social dimensions, and ultimately to an overall Social Sustainability Index. Data triangulation between field surveys, company documentation, and international benchmarks ensured accuracy and comparability across sourcing models. Findings show that the SSI enables a comprehensive and transparent evaluation of social performance, revealing both systemic strengths and critical gaps: the multi-level structure of the tool facilitates the shift from fragmented metrics to an integrated, decision-oriented system, validated through its application with ICAM. The study contributes to regenerative supply chain management by translating social sustainability from a conceptual ideal into an operational model.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246770