The prevalence of lower back pain and related injuries is high among healthcare profes- sionals. Nursing involves lifting, shifting, and repositioning patients, and many of these tasks do not allow proper lifting or bending biomechanics, increasing the risk of injury. Although exoskeletons have been developed to alleviate spinal mechanical loading, many solutions are heavy, bulky, uncomfortable, and require large motors and complex control systems. Additionally, these devices mainly target industrial sectors such as manufactur- ing and construction, failing to address the needs of healthcare workers. To overcome these limitations, a soft lumbar support Exosuit was developed combining passive components with an actuation unit, resulting in a lightweight (2.1 kg), soft, and supportive device. The Exosuit comprises a motor-driven lever mounted to the upper back and connected to two elastic actuators extending to the upper thighs. Using real- time trunk flexion angle data from an IMU sensor, the motor modulates the lever position to adjust the tension of the elastic actuators to store or release energy during phases of a lifting motion. Preliminary experimental results showed an average reduction of erector spinae muscle activity by approximately 38% across four participants during lifting tasks, suggesting a significant decrease in lumbar muscle demand when using the Exosuit. These findings indicate that this device is a promising solution to reduce the risk of low back injuries among healthcare workers.
La prevalenza di lombalgia e di infortuni correlati è elevata tra gli operatori sanitari. Le attività infermieristiche includono sollevare, spostare e riposizionare i pazienti; molte di queste manovre non consentono una corretta biomeccanica del sollevamento o della flessione, aumentando il rischio di infortunio. Sebbene esistano esoscheletri progettati per ridurre i carichi meccanici sulla colonna, molte soluzioni risultano pesanti, ingom- branti, poco confortevoli e richiedono motori di grandi dimensioni con sistemi di controllo complessi. Inoltre, tali dispositivi sono rivolti principalmente al settore industriale (man- ifattura, edilizia) e non rispondono pienamente alle esigenze del personale sanitario. Per superare questi limiti, è stato sviluppato un Exosuit lombare “soft” che combina componenti passive con un’unità di attuazione, ottenendo un dispositivo leggero (2.1 kg), morbido e di supporto. L’Exosuit comprende una leva azionata da motore montata nella parte alta della schiena e collegata a due attuatori elastici che si estendono fino alla parte superiore delle cosce. Sfruttando in tempo reale l’angolo di flessione del tronco misurato da un sensore IMU, il motore modula la posizione della leva per regolare la tensione degli attuatori elastici, accumulando o rilasciando energia durante le fasi del gesto di sollevamento. I risultati sperimentali preliminari mostrano una riduzione media dell’attività del mus- colo erettore della spina di circa 38% su quattro partecipanti durante compiti di solleva- mento, suggerendo una diminuzione significativa della domanda muscolare lombare con l’uso dell’Exosuit. Questi risultati indicano che il dispositivo rappresenta una soluzione promettente per ridurre il rischio di infortuni lombari tra gli operatori sanitari.
Development of a lumbar exosuit with hybrid active-passive support for healthcare workers
MOLINARI, FRANCESCA
2024/2025
Abstract
The prevalence of lower back pain and related injuries is high among healthcare profes- sionals. Nursing involves lifting, shifting, and repositioning patients, and many of these tasks do not allow proper lifting or bending biomechanics, increasing the risk of injury. Although exoskeletons have been developed to alleviate spinal mechanical loading, many solutions are heavy, bulky, uncomfortable, and require large motors and complex control systems. Additionally, these devices mainly target industrial sectors such as manufactur- ing and construction, failing to address the needs of healthcare workers. To overcome these limitations, a soft lumbar support Exosuit was developed combining passive components with an actuation unit, resulting in a lightweight (2.1 kg), soft, and supportive device. The Exosuit comprises a motor-driven lever mounted to the upper back and connected to two elastic actuators extending to the upper thighs. Using real- time trunk flexion angle data from an IMU sensor, the motor modulates the lever position to adjust the tension of the elastic actuators to store or release energy during phases of a lifting motion. Preliminary experimental results showed an average reduction of erector spinae muscle activity by approximately 38% across four participants during lifting tasks, suggesting a significant decrease in lumbar muscle demand when using the Exosuit. These findings indicate that this device is a promising solution to reduce the risk of low back injuries among healthcare workers.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Executive_Summary___Scuola_di_Ingegneria_Industriale_e_dell_Informazione___Politecnico_di_Milano-2.pdf
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tesi polimi Francesca Molinari.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246803