This thesis was developed in collaboration with the Materials, Structures and Construction Testing Laboratory and the research group led by Prof. Raffaele Ardito at Politecnico di Milano. It presents an in-depth study of freestanding silos made of glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GRP) supported by cold-formed tubular steel frames. Two main structural aspects are addressed: (1) the analysis and optimization of the steel support frame, including its bolted connections, to ensure overall stability; and (2) the structural modeling and optimization of the GRP cylindrical shell, with particular focus on optimizing the thickness distribution along its height. The silos are examined under various loading conditions (self-weight, granular material pressure during filling and discharge, wind, snow, and seismic actions) defined according to European standards (Eurocodes and relevant national annexes). The steel support structure is modeled using SAP2000 finite element software, including stability analyses with second-order effects and initial geometric imperfections. In parallel, the GRP shell is analyzed with ABAQUS, considering both the material strength and shell instability (buckling) behavior. Automated procedures were developed (via MATLAB/Python scripts) to generate and apply pressure distributions due to stored material (accounting for different flow regimes) and wind on the shell model, and to evaluate the utilization factors of all silo components. Through an iterative optimization process, the optimal cross-sectional sizes for the steel frame members and a tailored thickness profile for the GRP shell were determined for the various silo models analyzed. The results demonstrate improved material efficiency while maintaining adequate safety margins, showing that the proposed optimized designs meet structural performance requirements and enhance the durability and economic sustainability of GRP silo systems.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con il Laboratorio Prove Materiali, Strutture e Costruzioni e il gruppo di ricerca coordinato dal Prof. Raffaele Ardito del Politecnico di Milano. La tesi presenta uno studio approfondito di silos monolitici realizzati in materiale composito GRP (Glass Reinforced Polymer) e supportati da telai tubolari in acciaio formati a freddo. Si affrontano due aspetti principali: (1) l’analisi e l’ottimizzazione del telaio di supporto in acciaio, comprese le connessioni bullonate, al fine di garantire la stabilità globale; (2) la modellazione e l’ottimizzazione del guscio cilindrico in GRP, con particolare attenzione alla distribuzione degli spessori lungo l’altezza. I silos sono esaminati sotto diverse condizioni di carico (peso proprio, carichi del materiale granulare durante le fasi di riempimento e scarico, vento, neve, sisma) definite secondo le normative europee vigenti. La struttura di supporto in acciaio è modellata con il software agli elementi finiti SAP2000, includendo analisi di stabilità con effetti del secondo ordine e imperfezioni geometriche iniziali. In parallelo, il guscio in GRP è analizzato con ABAQUS, tenendo conto sia della resistenza del materiale sia dei fenomeni di instabilità strutturale (buckling) del guscio. Sono state sviluppate procedure automatizzate (script MATLAB/Python) per generare e applicare al modello del guscio le distribuzioni di pressione dovute al materiale stoccato (in funzione del regime di flusso interno) e all’azione del vento, e per valutare i fattori di utilizzo di tutti i componenti strutturali del silo. Attraverso un processo iterativo di ottimizzazione sono state determinate, per i vari modelli di silo analizzati, le sezioni trasversali ottimali degli elementi del telaio in acciaio e un profilo di spessori ottimizzato per il guscio in GRP. I risultati evidenziano un uso più efficiente dei materiali, pur mantenendo adeguati margini di sicurezza. Ciò dimostra che le soluzioni progettuali ottimizzate proposte soddisfano i requisiti strutturali e migliorano la durabilità e la sostenibilità economica dei silos in GRP.
Analysis and optimization of GRP silos and steel support structures
Hu, Fan
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis was developed in collaboration with the Materials, Structures and Construction Testing Laboratory and the research group led by Prof. Raffaele Ardito at Politecnico di Milano. It presents an in-depth study of freestanding silos made of glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GRP) supported by cold-formed tubular steel frames. Two main structural aspects are addressed: (1) the analysis and optimization of the steel support frame, including its bolted connections, to ensure overall stability; and (2) the structural modeling and optimization of the GRP cylindrical shell, with particular focus on optimizing the thickness distribution along its height. The silos are examined under various loading conditions (self-weight, granular material pressure during filling and discharge, wind, snow, and seismic actions) defined according to European standards (Eurocodes and relevant national annexes). The steel support structure is modeled using SAP2000 finite element software, including stability analyses with second-order effects and initial geometric imperfections. In parallel, the GRP shell is analyzed with ABAQUS, considering both the material strength and shell instability (buckling) behavior. Automated procedures were developed (via MATLAB/Python scripts) to generate and apply pressure distributions due to stored material (accounting for different flow regimes) and wind on the shell model, and to evaluate the utilization factors of all silo components. Through an iterative optimization process, the optimal cross-sectional sizes for the steel frame members and a tailored thickness profile for the GRP shell were determined for the various silo models analyzed. The results demonstrate improved material efficiency while maintaining adequate safety margins, showing that the proposed optimized designs meet structural performance requirements and enhance the durability and economic sustainability of GRP silo systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246845