Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs) represent one of the most consolidated and reliable technologies for space and missile propulsion, thanks to their simplicity of construction, energy density, and operational readiness. However, their development requires careful consideration of the physical phenomena involved in combustion and the evolution of the grain geometry. In recent years, the development of SRMs has greatly benefited from the use of optimization models, which allow faster and more accurate development of grain geometries. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a reliable code capable of performing the preliminary design of a motor, to be used within an optimization framework. To achieve this, an algorithm sizes and models the system component, using simplified analytical relations. In order to predict the thrust behavior, a burnback code based on analytical equations was developed. A series of validation tests was carried out using different propellant grains to verify the correct behavior of the burnback code. The model was further validated using data from the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) of the Space Shuttle System to assess the accuracy of the results and identify its limitations. Finally, a simple optimization run is performed using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) implemented in MATLAB to evaluate the code’s effectiveness for its intended purpose. The final discussion summarizes the overall performance of the code, demonstrating its ability to estimate dimensions and performance with good accuracy, making it suitable for use in optimization processes. The discussion also highlights the main limitations of the code and possible directions for future development.
I motori a propellente solido rappresentano una delle più consolidate e affidabili tecnologie per la propulsione spaziale e missilistica, grazie anche alla loro semplicità di costruzione, all’elevata densità energetica e alla prontezza operativa. Tuttavia, il loro sviluppo richiede un’attenta considerazione dei fenomeni fisici coinvolti nella combustione dell’evoluzione della geometria del grano. Negli ultimi anni, lo sviluppo dei motori a propellente solido ha tratto grande beneficio dall’utilizzo di modelli di ottimizzazione, che permettono uno sviluppo più rapido e accurato delle geometrie del grano. Lo scopo di questa tesi è fornire un codice affidabile in grado di eseguire il progetto preliminare di un motore, da utilizzare all’interno di un framework di ottimizzazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, un algoritmo dimensiona e modella i componenti del sistema, utilizzando relazioni analitiche semplificate. Per prevedere il comportamento della spinta, è stato sviluppato un codice di regressione del grano basato su equazioni analitiche. Una serie di test di validazione è stata condotta utilizzando vari grani di propellente per verificare il corretto funzionamento del codice di regressione. Il modello è stato ulteriormente validato utilizzando dati del Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) dello Space Shuttle System, al fine di valutare l’accuratezza dei risultati e individuare le sue limitazioni. Infine, è stata eseguita una semplice ottimizzazione utilizzando l’Algoritmo Genetico (GA) implementato in MATLAB, per valutare l’efficacia del codice. La discussione finale riassume le prestazioni complessive del codice, dimostrando la sua capacità di stimare dimensioni e prestazioni con buona accuratezza, rendendolo adatto all’uso nei processi di ottimizzazione. Inoltre, vengono evidenziate le principali limitazioni del codice e le possibili direzioni per futuri sviluppi.
Analytical modeling and preliminary optimization of solid rocket motor grain geometry
Garabelli, Alfredo
2024/2025
Abstract
Solid Rocket Motors (SRMs) represent one of the most consolidated and reliable technologies for space and missile propulsion, thanks to their simplicity of construction, energy density, and operational readiness. However, their development requires careful consideration of the physical phenomena involved in combustion and the evolution of the grain geometry. In recent years, the development of SRMs has greatly benefited from the use of optimization models, which allow faster and more accurate development of grain geometries. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a reliable code capable of performing the preliminary design of a motor, to be used within an optimization framework. To achieve this, an algorithm sizes and models the system component, using simplified analytical relations. In order to predict the thrust behavior, a burnback code based on analytical equations was developed. A series of validation tests was carried out using different propellant grains to verify the correct behavior of the burnback code. The model was further validated using data from the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) of the Space Shuttle System to assess the accuracy of the results and identify its limitations. Finally, a simple optimization run is performed using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) implemented in MATLAB to evaluate the code’s effectiveness for its intended purpose. The final discussion summarizes the overall performance of the code, demonstrating its ability to estimate dimensions and performance with good accuracy, making it suitable for use in optimization processes. The discussion also highlights the main limitations of the code and possible directions for future development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Garabelli_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Garabelli_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246850