This thesis investigates how technological, organizational, and environmental factors interact to shape the adoption of digital identity systems in large private companies and how the evolution of the European regulatory framework influences this process. The topic of digital identity has become increasingly important with the European Union's progress towards the implementation of the eIDAS2 framework and the European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet), initiatives designed to redefine the way organizations and users authenticate themselves and protect their data. Despite its strategic importance, the academic literature on the subject is fragmented, as most studies address digital identity from a technical or policy perspective, while managerial and organizational studies remain limited. Existing contributions have mainly focused on end-user acceptance, using models such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), but have paid little attention to adoption processes at the corporate level in the European context. To fill this gap, the research adopts an exploratory qualitative approach based on a multiple-case design grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) model. Eight large organizations in the banking, travel, utilities, and gaming sectors were analysed through semi-structured interviews, coded according to the Gioia methodology (Gioia et al., 2013). The results show that the adoption of digital identity is an interdependent process, in which technological, organizational, and environmental factors co-evolve under the enabling influence of regulation. Consequently, adoption emerges as a trust-based and regulation-driven transformation process. The thesis extends the TOE model by demonstrating that digital identity acts as a connection point between technology, organization, and regulation, enabling their integration into corporate adoption processes. The research contributes to theory by demonstrating that successful adoption depends on the alignment of technological, organizational, and environmental maturity, and it provides managers with practical guidance on managing digital identity as a long-term enabler for user trust, operational excellence, and sustainable innovation.
La presente tesi analizza come i fattori tecnologici, organizzativi e ambientali interagiscano nel plasmare l’adozione dei sistemi di identità digitale nelle grandi imprese private e come l’evoluzione del quadro normativo europeo influenzi tale processo. Il tema dell’identità digitale ha assunto crescente importanza con l’avanzamento dell’Unione Europea verso l’attuazione del quadro eIDAS2 e dell’European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet), iniziative concepite per ridefinire il modo in cui organizzazioni e utenti si autenticano e proteggono i propri dati. Nonostante la sua rilevanza strategica, la letteratura accademica sull’argomento risulta frammentata: la maggior parte degli studi affronta l’identità digitale da una prospettiva tecnica o normativa, mentre gli studi di tipo manageriale e organizzativo rimangono ancora limitati. I contributi esistenti si sono principalmente concentrati sull’accettazione da parte degli utenti finali, utilizzando modelli quali il Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), la Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) e la Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), dedicando scarsa attenzione ai processi di adozione a livello aziendale nel contesto europeo. Per colmare questa lacuna, la ricerca adotta un approccio qualitativo esplorativo basato su un disegno multicaso fondato sul modello Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE). Otto organizzazioni di grandi dimensioni appartenenti ai settori bancario, dei viaggi, delle utilities e del gaming sono state analizzate attraverso interviste semi-strutturate, codificate secondo la metodologia di Gioia (Gioia et al., 2013). I risultati mostrano che l’adozione dell’identità digitale è un processo interdipendente, in cui i fattori tecnologici, organizzativi e ambientali coevolvono sotto l’influenza abilitante della regolamentazione. Di conseguenza, l’adozione emerge come un processo di trasformazione basato sulla fiducia e guidato dal quadro normativo. La tesi estende il modello TOE dimostrando che l’identità digitale agisce come punto di connessione tra tecnologia, organizzazione e regolazione, consentendo la loro integrazione nei processi di adozione aziendale. La ricerca contribuisce alla teoria dimostrando che il successo dell’adozione dipende dall’allineamento del livello di maturità tecnologica, organizzativa e ambientale, e fornisce ai manager indicazioni pratiche per gestire l’identità digitale come un fattore abilitante di lungo periodo per la fiducia degli utenti, l’eccellenza operativa e l’innovazione sostenibile.
Organizational adoption of digital identity solutions: a multiple-case study based on the TOE model
GABRIELE, MARTA;COMI, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates how technological, organizational, and environmental factors interact to shape the adoption of digital identity systems in large private companies and how the evolution of the European regulatory framework influences this process. The topic of digital identity has become increasingly important with the European Union's progress towards the implementation of the eIDAS2 framework and the European Digital Identity Wallet (EUDI Wallet), initiatives designed to redefine the way organizations and users authenticate themselves and protect their data. Despite its strategic importance, the academic literature on the subject is fragmented, as most studies address digital identity from a technical or policy perspective, while managerial and organizational studies remain limited. Existing contributions have mainly focused on end-user acceptance, using models such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), but have paid little attention to adoption processes at the corporate level in the European context. To fill this gap, the research adopts an exploratory qualitative approach based on a multiple-case design grounded in the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) model. Eight large organizations in the banking, travel, utilities, and gaming sectors were analysed through semi-structured interviews, coded according to the Gioia methodology (Gioia et al., 2013). The results show that the adoption of digital identity is an interdependent process, in which technological, organizational, and environmental factors co-evolve under the enabling influence of regulation. Consequently, adoption emerges as a trust-based and regulation-driven transformation process. The thesis extends the TOE model by demonstrating that digital identity acts as a connection point between technology, organization, and regulation, enabling their integration into corporate adoption processes. The research contributes to theory by demonstrating that successful adoption depends on the alignment of technological, organizational, and environmental maturity, and it provides managers with practical guidance on managing digital identity as a long-term enabler for user trust, operational excellence, and sustainable innovation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Gabriele_Comi_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246872