The pulp and paper industry is among the most energy-intensive industrial sectors, re- sponsible for about 5% of global industrial energy use and 2% of total CO2 emissions. Within this context, the tissue paper segment represents one of the most thermally de- manding processes, as the drying section alone accounts for roughly 70% of total energy consumption. This work proposes and assesses innovative decarbonization strategies modeled in As- pen Plus for the tissue drying process of a benchmark Valmet Advantage DCT machine. Two electrification pathways are investigated: the integration of a High-Temperature Heat Pump (HTHP) combined with a Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) system for steam generation, and the full electrification of the drying section through electric- resistance air heaters coupled with the HTHP-MVR unit. The reference industrial lay- out is first modeled in Aspen Plus and then validated with deviations below 10% from plant data. The HTHP–MVR configuration replaces the conventional boiler supplying high-pressure steam to the Yankee cylinder. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for this configuration by varying the condensate evaporation pressure between 2.2 and 3.0 bar. The results show a stable Coefficient of Performance (COP) trend, ranging from 2.06 to 2.11. Rather, the fully electrified layout eliminates fossil fuel use in the air hood while maintaining equivalent drying performance and product quality. From a technical standpoint, the HTHP–MVR system achieved a 48% reduction in di- rect CO2 emissions. The fully electric configuration removes all on-site emissions, reach- ing a total emission reduction of 63.8%. The techno-economic analysis shows that, un- der current European energy prices, the Cost of CO2 Avoidance (CCA) ranges between 105–126 euro/tCO2 for the HTHP system and 215–225 euro/tCO2 for the fully electrified layout (considering only direct emissions), with an Incremental Paper Cost (∆PC) increase of 3.7–5.6 euro/tpaper and 28.3–30.2 euro/tpaper, respectively. Sensitivity analyses on energy prices reveal that, under favorable conditions, both configurations could achieve competitive performance.
L’industria cartaria è tra i settori industriali a più alta intensità energetica, responsabile di circa il 5% dei consumi energetici globali e del 2% delle emissioni complessive di CO2. In questo contesto, il comparto della carta tissue rappresenta uno dei processi termicamente più gravosi: la sezione di essiccamento da sola assorbe circa il 70% del consumo energetico totale. Il presente studio propone e analizza strategie innovative di decarbonizzazione, model- late in Aspen Plus, per il processo di essiccamento di una macchina tissue industriale di riferimento, la Valmet Advantage DCT. Due soluzioni elettrificate sono presentate: l’integrazione di una pompa di calore ad alta temperatura (HTHP) combinata con un sistema di ricompressione meccanica del vapore (MVR) per la generazione di vapore, e la completa elettrificazione della sezione di essiccamento mediante resistenze elettriche per il riscaldamento dell’aria, accoppiate all’unità HTHP–MVR. Il layout industriale di riferimento è stato inizialmente modellato in Aspen Plus e successivamente validato con scostamenti inferiori al 10% rispetto ai dati di impianto. La configurazione HTHP–MVR sostituisce la caldaia tradizionale che fornisce vapore ad alta pressione allo Yankee. Per tale configurazione è stata condotta un’analisi di sensibilità, variando la pressione di evaporazione del condensato tra 2.2 e 3.0 bar. I risultati mostrano un andamento stabile del coefficiente di prestazione (COP), compreso tra 2.06 e 2.11. La configurazione completa- mente elettrificata, invece, elimina l’uso di combustibili fossili nell’air hood mantenendo inalterate le prestazioni di essiccamento e la qualità del prodotto. Il sistema HTHP–MVR presenta una riduzione diretta delle emissioni di CO2 del 48%. La configurazione completamente elettrica elimina tutte le emissioni dirette in sito, raggiungendo una riduzione complessiva del 63.8%. L’analisi economica mostra che, ai prezzi energetici europei attuali, il costo di CO2 evitata (CCA) varia tra 105–126 euro/tCO2 per il sistema HTHP e 215–225 euro/tCO2 per il layout completamente elettrificato (considerando solo le emissioni dirette), con un incremento del costo specifico della carta (∆PC) pari a 3.7–5.6 euro/tpaper e 28.3–30.2 euro/tpaper rispettivamente. Le analisi di sensitibilità sui prezzi energetici evidenziano che, in condizioni di mercato favorevoli, entrambe le configurazioni possono raggiungere prestazioni economicamente competitive.
Decarbonization of tissue paper drying machine: a techno-economic analysis
Leonetti, Elia
2024/2025
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is among the most energy-intensive industrial sectors, re- sponsible for about 5% of global industrial energy use and 2% of total CO2 emissions. Within this context, the tissue paper segment represents one of the most thermally de- manding processes, as the drying section alone accounts for roughly 70% of total energy consumption. This work proposes and assesses innovative decarbonization strategies modeled in As- pen Plus for the tissue drying process of a benchmark Valmet Advantage DCT machine. Two electrification pathways are investigated: the integration of a High-Temperature Heat Pump (HTHP) combined with a Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) system for steam generation, and the full electrification of the drying section through electric- resistance air heaters coupled with the HTHP-MVR unit. The reference industrial lay- out is first modeled in Aspen Plus and then validated with deviations below 10% from plant data. The HTHP–MVR configuration replaces the conventional boiler supplying high-pressure steam to the Yankee cylinder. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for this configuration by varying the condensate evaporation pressure between 2.2 and 3.0 bar. The results show a stable Coefficient of Performance (COP) trend, ranging from 2.06 to 2.11. Rather, the fully electrified layout eliminates fossil fuel use in the air hood while maintaining equivalent drying performance and product quality. From a technical standpoint, the HTHP–MVR system achieved a 48% reduction in di- rect CO2 emissions. The fully electric configuration removes all on-site emissions, reach- ing a total emission reduction of 63.8%. The techno-economic analysis shows that, un- der current European energy prices, the Cost of CO2 Avoidance (CCA) ranges between 105–126 euro/tCO2 for the HTHP system and 215–225 euro/tCO2 for the fully electrified layout (considering only direct emissions), with an Incremental Paper Cost (∆PC) increase of 3.7–5.6 euro/tpaper and 28.3–30.2 euro/tpaper, respectively. Sensitivity analyses on energy prices reveal that, under favorable conditions, both configurations could achieve competitive performance.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Leonetti_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Leonetti_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/246899