The rapidity of ambulance response is crucial for the effectiveness of emergency medical services, as long response times can compromise clinical outcomes. In the case of Lombardy, the Regional Emergency and Urgency Agency (AREU) coordinate the pre-hospital emergency system in a territory characterized by significant morphological variability and a heterogeneous road network. This study analyzes the impact of the main spatiotemporal factors on ambulance travel times, with the aim of assessing their contribution to service efficiency. To support the analysis, the QGIS software was used to process input data from the OpenStreetMap road network, generating origin–destination matrices, coverage isochrones, and road-travel models. The results were compared with real data provided by AREU (2016–2019) and with a gold standard derived from Google Maps. The analysis shows that morphology is the factor with the greatest impact on response times: in mountainous areas, minimum travel time increases by approximately 15% compared to flat zones, and isochrone coverage is more limited in the first 10–12 minutes of response. Provinces with more extensive road networks and a higher number of AREU stations (Milan, Monza Brianza, Varese) display median response times below eight minutes, whereas less flat and less infrastructure territories (Sondrio, Lecco, Mantua) frequently exceed 12–15 minutes. The comparison with Google Maps shows an acceptable divergence (8–12%), while the comparison with AREU data reveals greater discrepancies due to the “real-world” nature of emergency interventions. These findings suggest that territorial geography significantly influences response speed and that an improved station placement—integrated with dynamic traffic and operational data—could enhance the efficiency of emergency services in Lombardy.
La rapidità di intervento delle ambulanze è cruciale per l’efficacia dei servizi di emergenza sanitaria, dato che tempi di risposta alti comprometterebbero gli esiti clinici. Nel caso della Lombardia, l’Agenzia Regionale Emergenza/Urgenza (AREU) coordina il sistema di soccorso pre-ospedaliero in un territorio caratterizzato da elevata variabilità morfologica e una distribuzione stradale eterogenea. Questo studio analizza l’impatto dei principali fattori spazio-temporali sui tempi di percorrenza delle ambulanze, con l’obiettivo di valutarne il contributo all’efficienza del servizio. A supporto dello studio, è stato utilizzato il software QGIS, per elaborare in entrata dati di rete stradale OpenStreetMap, generando matrici origine-destinazione, isocrone di copertura e modelli di percorrenza stradale. I risultati sono stati confrontati con dati reali provenienti da AREU (2016–2019) e con un gold standard derivato da Google Maps. L’analisi mostra che la morfologia è il fattore con maggiore impatto sui tempi di intervento: nelle aree montane il tempo minimo di percorrenza aumenta mediamente del 15% rispetto alle zone pianeggianti e la copertura delle isocrone risulta più limitata nei primi 10–12 minuti di intervento. Le province con maggiore manto stradale, e stazioni AREU (Milano, Monza Brianza, Varese) presentano tempi mediani inferiori agli 8 minuti, mentre territori meno pianeggianti, e con meno infrastrutture (Sondrio, Lecco, Mantova), hanno tempi di intervento che superano frequentemente i 12–15 minuti. Il confronto con Google Maps riporta una divergenza accettabile (8–12%), mentre quello con i dati AREU riporta discrepanze maggiori dovute alla natura “real-world” degli interventi. Questi risultati suggeriscono che la geografia del territorio incide significativamente sulla velocità di risposta e che un miglior posizionamento delle stazioni, integrato da dati dinamici di traffico e condizioni operative, potrebbe incrementare l’efficienza del servizio di emergenza in Lombardia.
Analisi di fattori spazio-temporali con impatto sui tempi di intervento medico di emergenza in Lombardia
DELIU, JUXHIN
2024/2025
Abstract
The rapidity of ambulance response is crucial for the effectiveness of emergency medical services, as long response times can compromise clinical outcomes. In the case of Lombardy, the Regional Emergency and Urgency Agency (AREU) coordinate the pre-hospital emergency system in a territory characterized by significant morphological variability and a heterogeneous road network. This study analyzes the impact of the main spatiotemporal factors on ambulance travel times, with the aim of assessing their contribution to service efficiency. To support the analysis, the QGIS software was used to process input data from the OpenStreetMap road network, generating origin–destination matrices, coverage isochrones, and road-travel models. The results were compared with real data provided by AREU (2016–2019) and with a gold standard derived from Google Maps. The analysis shows that morphology is the factor with the greatest impact on response times: in mountainous areas, minimum travel time increases by approximately 15% compared to flat zones, and isochrone coverage is more limited in the first 10–12 minutes of response. Provinces with more extensive road networks and a higher number of AREU stations (Milan, Monza Brianza, Varese) display median response times below eight minutes, whereas less flat and less infrastructure territories (Sondrio, Lecco, Mantua) frequently exceed 12–15 minutes. The comparison with Google Maps shows an acceptable divergence (8–12%), while the comparison with AREU data reveals greater discrepancies due to the “real-world” nature of emergency interventions. These findings suggest that territorial geography significantly influences response speed and that an improved station placement—integrated with dynamic traffic and operational data—could enhance the efficiency of emergency services in Lombardy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247038