The thesis investigates how ESG ratings influence corporate sustainability strategy and performance, with a particular focus on the mechanisms shaping organizational responses to external evaluation systems. Although ESG ratings were originally designed to enhance transparency and support responsible corporate behaviour, their rapid expansion has generated methodological inconsistencies, divergent assessments across rating agencies and structural biases that limit their reliability. Through an extensive review of the literature, the study highlights key sources of rating divergence, including variations in measurement indicators, scope definitions, weighting criteria and disclosure quality. One of the main results of these inconsistencies is creating uncertainty for investors. In practical terms, the role of ESG assessments as decision-making tools becomes weaker when ratings fail to offer a coherent picture. From the corporate perspective, the thesis emphasizes the heterogeneous ways in which companies interpret and react to ESG ratings. Firms adopt combinations of substantive, symbolic and resistance behaviours, often prioritizing disclosure and reporting improvements over true operational change. After a first general analysis conducted through a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the research also identifies configurations of conditions that lead to substantial, hybrid or reputational adoption of ESG ratings across different regions. The findings reveal that no single factor determines corporate ESG engagement, but that distinct combinations of rating pressure, regulatory context, investor expectations and internal capabilities drive firms’ strategic responses. The thesis concludes with implications for theory, managerial practice and policy reforms aimed at improving the effectiveness of ESG ratings.
La tesi indaga come i ratings ESG influenzino la strategia di sostenibilità aziendale e le performance, con un’attenzione particolare ai meccanismi che modellano le risposte organizzative ai sistemi di valutazione esterni. Sebbene i ratings siano stati inizialmente concepiti per aumentare la trasparenza e favorire comportamenti aziendali responsabili, la loro rapida diffusione ha generato incoerenze metodologiche, valutazioni divergenti tra agenzie di rating e problemi strutturali che ne limitano l’affidabilità. Attraverso un’ampia analisi della letteratura, lo studio evidenzia le principali fonti di divergenza tra i rating, tra cui differenze negli indicatori di misurazione, nelle definizioni dell’ambito, nei criteri di ponderazione e nella qualità della disclosure. Uno dei principali effetti di tali incoerenze è la creazione di incertezza per gli investitori. In termini pratici, il ruolo dei ratings ESG come strumenti decisionali si indebolisce quando non offrono un quadro coerente. Dal punto di vista aziendale, la tesi sottolinea la varietà eterogenea di modi in cui le imprese interpretano e reagiscono ai ratings. Le aziende adottano combinazioni di comportamenti sostanziali, simbolici e di resistenza, spesso privilegiando il miglioramento della disclosure e del reporting rispetto a un vero cambiamento operativo. Dopo una prima analisi generale condotta tramite fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), la ricerca identifica inoltre configurazioni di condizioni che portano a un’adozione sostanziale, ibrida o reputazionale di ratings ESG in diverse aree geografiche. I risultati mostrano che nessun singolo fattore determina l’impegno delle imprese: sono invece specifiche combinazioni di pressione valutativa, contesto normativo, aspettative degli investitori e capacità interne a guidare le risposte strategiche delle aziende. La tesi si conclude con implicazioni teoriche e pratiche e le riforme di policy volte a migliorare l’efficacia delle valutazioni ESG.
The impact of ESG ratings on corporate sustainability strategy and performance
SILVESTRI, ANDREA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis investigates how ESG ratings influence corporate sustainability strategy and performance, with a particular focus on the mechanisms shaping organizational responses to external evaluation systems. Although ESG ratings were originally designed to enhance transparency and support responsible corporate behaviour, their rapid expansion has generated methodological inconsistencies, divergent assessments across rating agencies and structural biases that limit their reliability. Through an extensive review of the literature, the study highlights key sources of rating divergence, including variations in measurement indicators, scope definitions, weighting criteria and disclosure quality. One of the main results of these inconsistencies is creating uncertainty for investors. In practical terms, the role of ESG assessments as decision-making tools becomes weaker when ratings fail to offer a coherent picture. From the corporate perspective, the thesis emphasizes the heterogeneous ways in which companies interpret and react to ESG ratings. Firms adopt combinations of substantive, symbolic and resistance behaviours, often prioritizing disclosure and reporting improvements over true operational change. After a first general analysis conducted through a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the research also identifies configurations of conditions that lead to substantial, hybrid or reputational adoption of ESG ratings across different regions. The findings reveal that no single factor determines corporate ESG engagement, but that distinct combinations of rating pressure, regulatory context, investor expectations and internal capabilities drive firms’ strategic responses. The thesis concludes with implications for theory, managerial practice and policy reforms aimed at improving the effectiveness of ESG ratings.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2025_12_Silvestri_Executive Summary.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Testo dell'executive summary
Dimensione
712.73 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
712.73 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2025_12_Silvestri_Tesi.pdf
accessibile in internet per tutti
Descrizione: Testo della tesi
Dimensione
1.8 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.8 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247039