This thesis investigates the alignment between brand identity and brand image in public institutions that use social media, analyzing how brand identity - here represented by the linguistic choices and thematic content used in post descriptions - shapes brand image, observed through engagement rates. Focusing on posts published on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter, the study examines whether, in a sample of approximately 90 Italian museums and similar cultural institutions, a relationship exists between tone, polarization, and content in post descriptions and the likelihood of generating engagement as well as increasing its level. The analysis also explores whether these relationships are influenced by specific characteristics of the museums under examination, such as size, geographical location, and type, as well as by the social platform employed. Furthermore, it investigates whether the topics addressed are used recurrently or sporadically, thereby linking the analysis to the broader debate between differentiation and isomorphism in the public sector. Based on a dataset of about 80,000 posts, the analysis employs a two-stage model and includes, as independent variables, factors such as sentiment score, formality score, emotions score, purpose (institutional or educational), and the topics discussed, thus providing a comprehensive measurement of the linguistic and strategic choices involved in writing a post. The results suggest that certain elements related to tone, polarization, and content are associated with both the likelihood of generating engagement and its magnitude, and that this relationship is also influenced by museum characteristics and the social media platform used. A more detailed focus on content themes shows that most topics tend to be used sporadically across institutions, although the data indicate that museums promoting their own events obtain higher engagement than those promoting broader territorial initiatives. These dynamics suggest that social media, when used through strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of each institution, can support the alignment between brand identity and brand image. Moreover, the findings indicate that despite the widespread tendency toward isomorphism in the public sector, adopting a more differentiated approach to content selection may lead to more effective outcomes in terms of brand image. The thesis contributes to the understanding of public branding strategies, offering relevant insights for both public sector professionals and researchers interested in further examining the relationship between how a brand presents itself to the public and how it is perceived.
Questa tesi indaga il tema dell’allineamento tra identità e immagine di brand nelle istituzioni pubbliche che utilizzano i social media, analizzando in che modo l’identità del brand– in questo caso rappresentata dalle scelte con cui i brand pubblici scrivono le descrizioni dei propri post e dai temi trattati – influenzi la loro immagine, osservata tramite l’engagement rate. Concentrandosi sui post pubblicati su Instagram, Facebook e Twitter, lo studio valuta se, in un campione di circa 90 musei italiani e istituzioni similari, esista una relazione tra tono, polarizzazione e contenuto delle descrizioni e la probabilità sia di generare engagement sia di accrescerne il livello. Inoltre, l’analisi esamina se tali relazioni siano influenzate da alcune caratteristiche dei musei presi in considerazione, quali dimensioni, localizzazione geografica e tipologia, e dal social network utilizzato, e se i temi trattati vengano affrontati in modo ricorrente o sporadico, collegandosi così anche al dibattito tra differenziazione e isomorfismo. Basandosi su un dataset di circa 80.000 post, l’analisi impiega un modello a due stadi e include, come variabili indipendenti, fattori quali sentiment score, formality score, emotions score, purpose (institutional o educational) e i topic trattati, offrendo una misurazione solida che copre l’insieme delle possibili scelte linguistiche nella stesura di un post. I risultati suggeriscono che esiste una relazione tra alcuni elementi di tono, polarizzazione e contenuto e la probabilità sia di generare engagement sia di aumentarne il livello, e che tale relazione sia influenzata anche dalle caratteristiche del museo e dal canale social. Un focus più specifico sui temi trattati mostra poi che la maggior parte di essi viene similmente utilizzata in modo sporadico, sebbene i dati evidenzino come i musei che promuovono i propri eventi registrino un maggiore riscontro rispetto a quelli che promuovono eventi condivisi sul territorio. Queste dinamiche suggeriscono che i social media, se utilizzati attraverso strategie adeguate alla specificità della singola istituzione, possano sostenere l’allineamento tra l’identità e l’immagine del brand e che, nonostante nel contesto pubblico sia diffusa una tendenza all’isomorfismo, un approccio più differenziato nella selezione dei temi possa produrre risultati migliori in termini di immagine. La tesi contribuisce alla comprensione delle strategie di public branding, offrendo spunti rilevanti sia per i professionisti del settore pubblico sia per i ricercatori interessati a indagare sempre più nello specifico il rapporto tra il modo in cui un brand si promuove al pubblico e come viene percepito da quest’ultimo.
Public branding through Social Media: how does brand identity affect brand image? An empirical study of italian state museums
ANZANI, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates the alignment between brand identity and brand image in public institutions that use social media, analyzing how brand identity - here represented by the linguistic choices and thematic content used in post descriptions - shapes brand image, observed through engagement rates. Focusing on posts published on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter, the study examines whether, in a sample of approximately 90 Italian museums and similar cultural institutions, a relationship exists between tone, polarization, and content in post descriptions and the likelihood of generating engagement as well as increasing its level. The analysis also explores whether these relationships are influenced by specific characteristics of the museums under examination, such as size, geographical location, and type, as well as by the social platform employed. Furthermore, it investigates whether the topics addressed are used recurrently or sporadically, thereby linking the analysis to the broader debate between differentiation and isomorphism in the public sector. Based on a dataset of about 80,000 posts, the analysis employs a two-stage model and includes, as independent variables, factors such as sentiment score, formality score, emotions score, purpose (institutional or educational), and the topics discussed, thus providing a comprehensive measurement of the linguistic and strategic choices involved in writing a post. The results suggest that certain elements related to tone, polarization, and content are associated with both the likelihood of generating engagement and its magnitude, and that this relationship is also influenced by museum characteristics and the social media platform used. A more detailed focus on content themes shows that most topics tend to be used sporadically across institutions, although the data indicate that museums promoting their own events obtain higher engagement than those promoting broader territorial initiatives. These dynamics suggest that social media, when used through strategies tailored to the specific characteristics of each institution, can support the alignment between brand identity and brand image. Moreover, the findings indicate that despite the widespread tendency toward isomorphism in the public sector, adopting a more differentiated approach to content selection may lead to more effective outcomes in terms of brand image. The thesis contributes to the understanding of public branding strategies, offering relevant insights for both public sector professionals and researchers interested in further examining the relationship between how a brand presents itself to the public and how it is perceived.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Anzani_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247052