In an era defined by technological acceleration and uncertainty, organisations are required not only to adapt to change but to actively shape the futures they wish to inhabit. This thesis explores how Generative Artificial Intelligence reshapes human cognition and creativity within collaborative future-making processes. Moving beyond the view of AI as a predictive tool, the research investigates its role as an active cognitive partner capable of influencing how people imagine, reason, and co-create alternative futures. The study was conducted within the 2024/2025 edition of the FUTURES Observatory | Sense Making by System Thinking of Politecnico di Milano. Three co-design workshops were analysed, where participants engaged with GenAI systems (ChatGPT and Midjourney) to construct and discuss distant futures. Using a qualitative, ethnographically informed approach, the research applied thematic and cognitive analysis to transcriptions, prompts, and GenAI outputs, coding each interaction across eight cognitive forms grouped into three clusters: Inferential, Generative, and Evaluative. Findings reveal a redistribution of cognitive activity across collaboration modes. In human-only discussions, participants showed high generative and reflective reasoning, indicating imaginative expansion and balanced critical engagement. In text-to-text interactions, inferential reasoning slightly increased while generative thinking declined, signalling closure of creative exploration. In text-to-image sessions, evaluative reasoning rose markedly as participants engaged in ethical reflection on AI-generated visuals, while inferential reasoning diminished due to cognitive fixation and reduced analytical mediation. Overall, GenAI demonstrates a double-edged influence: it amplifies reflection and imagination but can induce dependency and fixation. The study concludes that GenAI does not merely extend human cognition, it redistributes it, transforming the epistemology of future-making from prediction to co-creation. When integrated thoughtfully, GenAI can act as a co-creative partner, supporting the design of imaginative, ethically grounded futures.
In un’epoca segnata da accelerazione tecnologica e crescente incertezza, alle organizzazioni non è più richiesto soltanto di adattarsi al cambiamento, ma di partecipare attivamente alla costruzione dei futuri che desiderano abitare. Questa tesi esplora come l'Intelligenza Artificiale Generativa trasformi la cognizione e la creatività umana all’interno dei processi collaborativi di future-making. Superando la visione dell’IA come semplice strumento predittivo, la ricerca ne indaga il ruolo come partner cognitivo attivo, capace di influenzare il modo in cui le persone immaginano, ragionano e co-creano futuri alternativi. Lo studio, condotto nell’ambito dell’edizione 2024/2025 del FUTURES Observatory | Sense Making by System Thinking del Politecnico di Milano, analizza tre workshop di co-design in cui i partecipanti hanno interagito con sistemi di GenAI (ChatGPT e Midjourney) per costruire e discutere futuri distanti. Adottando un approccio qualitativo di tipo etnografico, la ricerca ha applicato un’analisi tematica e cognitiva a trascrizioni, prompt e output generati, codificando ogni interazione secondo otto forme di pensiero, poi raggruppate in tre cluster cognitivi: Inferenziale, Generativo e Valutativo. I risultati mostrano una redistribuzione dell’attività cognitiva tra le diverse modalità di collaborazione. Nei gruppi solo umani emergono alti livelli di pensiero generativo e riflessivo, indice di espansione immaginativa ed equilibrio critico. Nelle interazioni text-to-text, il pensiero inferenziale aumenta leggermente mentre quello generativo cala, segnalando una chiusura prematura dell’esplorazione creativa. Nelle sessioni text-to-image, cresce il pensiero valutativo, mentre quello inferenziale si riduce, simbolo di fissazione cognitiva e minore mediazione analitica. Nel complesso, la GenAI esercita un’influenza ambivalente: amplifica riflessione e immaginazione, ma può anche indurre dipendenza e fissazione. La tesi conclude che la GenAI non si limita a estendere la cognizione umana, ma la redistribuisce, trasformando il future-making da pratica predittiva a processo di co-creazione e diventando un partner co-creativo per la progettazione di futuri più immaginativi ed eticamente fondati.
Generative Artificial Intelligence influence on human cognitive forms in future-making
PICOZZI, ALEXANDER
2024/2025
Abstract
In an era defined by technological acceleration and uncertainty, organisations are required not only to adapt to change but to actively shape the futures they wish to inhabit. This thesis explores how Generative Artificial Intelligence reshapes human cognition and creativity within collaborative future-making processes. Moving beyond the view of AI as a predictive tool, the research investigates its role as an active cognitive partner capable of influencing how people imagine, reason, and co-create alternative futures. The study was conducted within the 2024/2025 edition of the FUTURES Observatory | Sense Making by System Thinking of Politecnico di Milano. Three co-design workshops were analysed, where participants engaged with GenAI systems (ChatGPT and Midjourney) to construct and discuss distant futures. Using a qualitative, ethnographically informed approach, the research applied thematic and cognitive analysis to transcriptions, prompts, and GenAI outputs, coding each interaction across eight cognitive forms grouped into three clusters: Inferential, Generative, and Evaluative. Findings reveal a redistribution of cognitive activity across collaboration modes. In human-only discussions, participants showed high generative and reflective reasoning, indicating imaginative expansion and balanced critical engagement. In text-to-text interactions, inferential reasoning slightly increased while generative thinking declined, signalling closure of creative exploration. In text-to-image sessions, evaluative reasoning rose markedly as participants engaged in ethical reflection on AI-generated visuals, while inferential reasoning diminished due to cognitive fixation and reduced analytical mediation. Overall, GenAI demonstrates a double-edged influence: it amplifies reflection and imagination but can induce dependency and fixation. The study concludes that GenAI does not merely extend human cognition, it redistributes it, transforming the epistemology of future-making from prediction to co-creation. When integrated thoughtfully, GenAI can act as a co-creative partner, supporting the design of imaginative, ethically grounded futures.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Picozzi_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Picozzi_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247078