Gait and postural stability are fundamental motor functions in daily life and are particularly relevant during youth, a period in which sports participation is widespread and contributes significantly to motor development. The aim of this thesis project was to evaluate the impact of sports practice on gait and postural control, analysing both the effects associated with current competitive activity and those persisting years after the cessation of sports participation. A total of 30 subjects were examined, evenly divided by sex, with mean ages of 24 ± 1.75 for males and 23 ± 1.62 for females, and belonging to three categories: athletes, former athletes, and sedentary individuals. Gait analysis revealed that sports practice does not appear to substantially affect gait symmetry or lower-limb muscle activation. However, the kinematic and kinetic analysis showed significant locomotor differences in male sedentary subjects at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, suggesting a possible sex-specific influence of sports participation. However, these findings require further investigation with larger samples. Postural control analysis, assessed through time- and frequency-domain evaluation of the centre of pressure (COP) during static and dynamic tests, highlighted more pronounced differences: athletes demonstrated superior control in both complex static conditions and dynamic tasks such as the SLSH test, due to more efficient sensory integration and improved neuromuscular coordination. Sedentary individuals, on the other hand, adopted less effective compensatory strategies, particularly in the absence of visual input. Former athletes also showed positive adaptations, indicating that some benefits of sports practice may persist over time. In conclusion, this work represents a preliminary analysis of the effects of sports practice on gait and postural stability, providing initial evidence that calls for further investigation through future studies.
Il cammino e la stabilità posturale sono funzioni motorie fondamentali nella vita quotidiana e assumono particolare rilevanza in età giovanile, fase in cui la pratica sportiva è ampiamente diffusa e contribuisce allo sviluppo motorio. Il presente progetto di tesi ha avuto come obiettivo quello di valutare l’impatto dello sport sul cammino e sul controllo posturale, analizzando sia gli effetti legati alla pratica agonistica attuale sia quelli persistenti a distanza di anni dalla cessazione dell’attività. Sono stati dunque esaminati 30 soggetti, equamente suddivisi per sesso, con età medie di 24 ± 1,75 per gli uomini e di 23 ± 1,62 per le donne, e appartenenti a tre categorie: agonisti, ex-agonisti e sedentari. Dall’analisi del cammino è emerso come la pratica sportiva sembra non incidere in maniera rilevante sulla simmetria e sull’attivazione muscolare; tuttavia, dall’analisi cinematica e cinetica del cammino è emerso come i soggetti maschili presentino delle differenze locomotorie significative a livello delle articolazioni di anca, ginocchio e caviglia, suggerendo un possibile effetto sesso-specifico dell’attività sportiva. Tali risultati richiedono ulteriori approfondimenti su campioni più ampi. L’analisi del controllo posturale valutato mediante lo studio del centro di pressione (COP) nel dominio del tempo e della frequenza, attraverso test statici e dinamici, ha evidenziato differenze più marcate: gli agonisti hanno mostrato un miglior controllo sia in condizioni statiche più complesse, sia durante prove dinamiche come il SLSH, grazie ad una più efficiente integrazione sensoriale e ad una migliore coordinazione neuromuscolare. I soggetti sedentari, al contrario, hanno adottato strategie compensatorie meno efficaci, soprattutto in assenza del contributo visivo. Gli ex-agonisti hanno comunque mostrato adattamenti positivi, indicando che parte dei benefici dello sport può persistere nel tempo. In conclusione, il presente lavoro rappresenta un’analisi preliminare sugli effetti della pratica sportiva sul cammino e sulla stabilità posturale, fornendo prime evidenze che richiedono ulteriori approfondimenti attraverso studi futuri.
L'impatto dell'attività sportiva sul cammino e sulla stabilità posturale in età giovanile: analisi comparativa tra soggetti agonisti, ex-agonisti e sedentari
Lovato, Mattia
2025/2026
Abstract
Gait and postural stability are fundamental motor functions in daily life and are particularly relevant during youth, a period in which sports participation is widespread and contributes significantly to motor development. The aim of this thesis project was to evaluate the impact of sports practice on gait and postural control, analysing both the effects associated with current competitive activity and those persisting years after the cessation of sports participation. A total of 30 subjects were examined, evenly divided by sex, with mean ages of 24 ± 1.75 for males and 23 ± 1.62 for females, and belonging to three categories: athletes, former athletes, and sedentary individuals. Gait analysis revealed that sports practice does not appear to substantially affect gait symmetry or lower-limb muscle activation. However, the kinematic and kinetic analysis showed significant locomotor differences in male sedentary subjects at the hip, knee, and ankle joints, suggesting a possible sex-specific influence of sports participation. However, these findings require further investigation with larger samples. Postural control analysis, assessed through time- and frequency-domain evaluation of the centre of pressure (COP) during static and dynamic tests, highlighted more pronounced differences: athletes demonstrated superior control in both complex static conditions and dynamic tasks such as the SLSH test, due to more efficient sensory integration and improved neuromuscular coordination. Sedentary individuals, on the other hand, adopted less effective compensatory strategies, particularly in the absence of visual input. Former athletes also showed positive adaptations, indicating that some benefits of sports practice may persist over time. In conclusion, this work represents a preliminary analysis of the effects of sports practice on gait and postural stability, providing initial evidence that calls for further investigation through future studies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Lovato_Tesi.pdf
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2025_12_Lovato_ExecutiveSummary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247105