One of the main challenges of our era is the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, largely driven by human activities. Although the transition to renewable energy sources represents a fundamental step towards sustainability, their inherent intermittency calls for technologies capable of storing and then utilizing excess energy when production exceeds demand. In this scenario, the Power-to-Methane (PtM) concept emerges as a promising solution: it enables the conversion of surplus renewable electricity into Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). This process provides a sustainable pathway to produce natural gas without the need for fossil resources, while also allowing the use of existing and well-established infrastructures for gas transport, storage, and distribution. PtM involves producing hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy and subsequently combing it with carbon dioxide captured from industrial processes to generate methane. The catalysis of CO2 methanation reaction is a key aspect of the process. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on ruthenium-based catalysts for CO2 methanation. In the work different supports were screened to identify the most suitable one in terms of CO2 conversion and selectivity. Once the optimal support was selected, the effect of various ruthenium precursor salts (Ru nitrosyl nitrate, Ru acetylacetonate and Ru trichloride) was examined after calcination. Afterwards the catalytic performances of the sample with the best support previously identified were evaluated using Ru nitrosyl nitrate and Ru acetlyacetonate. A further comparison between Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared from Ru nitrosyl nitrate and Ru acetylacetonate, in both calcined and non-calcined form, was performed to highlight the influence of thermal treatment on the catalytic behavior. Finally, the effect of Ce and La promoters was evaluated using γ-Al2O3 as support. This systematic approach allowed to identify the main factors influencing the activity, selectivity and efficiency of the tested catalysts in the methanation of CO2.
Una delle principali sfide della nostra epoca è la necessità di ridurre le emissioni di anidride carbonica, in gran parte causate dalle attività umane. La transizione verso energie rinnovabili è essenziale per la sostenibilità, ma la loro intermittenza richiede soluzioni per accumulare e poi utilizzare l’energia prodotta in eccesso. In questo scenario, il concetto di Power-to-Methane (PtM) rappresenta un’opzione promettente: essa consente la conversione dell’elettricità rinnovabile in eccesso in gas naturale sintetico (SNG). Il processo offre un percorso sostenibile per produrre gas naturale senza l’uso di fonti fossili, permettendo anche l’utilizzo di infrastrutture esistenti per il trasporto, stoccaggio e distribuzione del gas. PtM prevede la produzione di idrogeno tramite elettrolisi dell’acqua alimentata da energia rinnovabile e la successiva reazione con l’anidride carbonica catturata da processi industriali per ottenere metano. La catalisi della reazione di metanazione della CO2 è un aspetto fondamentale del processo. Questa tesi presenta un’indagine sperimentale su catalizzatori a base di rutenio per la metanazione della CO2. Nell’attività sono stati selezionati diversi supporti per identificare quello più idoneo in termini di conversione di CO2 e selettività. Una volta selezionato il supporto ottimale, è stato esaminato l’effetto di vari sali precursori del rutenio (Ru nitrosil nitrato, Ru acetilacetonato e Ru tricloruro) dopo la fase di calcinazione. Sono state poi valutate le prestazioni catalitiche del campione con il miglior supporto precedentemente identificato usando Ru nitrosil nitrato e Ru acetilacetonato. Un ulteriore confronto tra catalizzatori Ru/γ-Al2O3 preparati da Ru nitrosil nitrato e Ru acetilacetonato, sia in forma calcinata che non, è stato effetturato per evidenziare l’influenza del trattamento termico sul comportamento catalitico. Infine, l’effetto dei promotori Ce e La è stato analizzato utilizzando γ-Al2O3 come supporto. Questo approccio sistematico ha permesso di identificare i principali fattori che influenzano l’attività, la selettività e l’efficienza dei catalizzatori testati nella metanazione della CO2.
Screening of Ru-based catalysts for CO2 methanation
BOLIS, ALESSIO;Solito, Marco
2024/2025
Abstract
One of the main challenges of our era is the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, largely driven by human activities. Although the transition to renewable energy sources represents a fundamental step towards sustainability, their inherent intermittency calls for technologies capable of storing and then utilizing excess energy when production exceeds demand. In this scenario, the Power-to-Methane (PtM) concept emerges as a promising solution: it enables the conversion of surplus renewable electricity into Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG). This process provides a sustainable pathway to produce natural gas without the need for fossil resources, while also allowing the use of existing and well-established infrastructures for gas transport, storage, and distribution. PtM involves producing hydrogen through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy and subsequently combing it with carbon dioxide captured from industrial processes to generate methane. The catalysis of CO2 methanation reaction is a key aspect of the process. This thesis presents an experimental investigation on ruthenium-based catalysts for CO2 methanation. In the work different supports were screened to identify the most suitable one in terms of CO2 conversion and selectivity. Once the optimal support was selected, the effect of various ruthenium precursor salts (Ru nitrosyl nitrate, Ru acetylacetonate and Ru trichloride) was examined after calcination. Afterwards the catalytic performances of the sample with the best support previously identified were evaluated using Ru nitrosyl nitrate and Ru acetlyacetonate. A further comparison between Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared from Ru nitrosyl nitrate and Ru acetylacetonate, in both calcined and non-calcined form, was performed to highlight the influence of thermal treatment on the catalytic behavior. Finally, the effect of Ce and La promoters was evaluated using γ-Al2O3 as support. This systematic approach allowed to identify the main factors influencing the activity, selectivity and efficiency of the tested catalysts in the methanation of CO2.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Bolis_Solito_Tesi.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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2025_12_Bolis_Solito_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: executive summary
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902.79 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247108