Healthcare is a highly institutionalized and complex system, and at the heart of this complexity lies its human dimension. In the Italian context, as the population ages and the burden of chronic conditions increases, the historically public nature of the healthcare system, along with its foundational commitment to universalism, is becoming harder to sustain. Amidst these challenges, an emerging paradigm is consolidating around the name of “humanisation of care”, calling for a shift toward person-centered healthcare that prioritizes trust, communication, and relational continuity. General Directors (Direttori Generali, DGs), as heads of local health organizations, are crucial in this transformation by virtue of their central position between political, professional, and community stakeholders. This study examines how DGs translate the humanisation-of-care paradigm into practice, exploring how influential actors positioned at the intersection of multiple stakeholder groups sustain systemic change by working on the meanings and boundaries of their role. The inquiry draws on interviews and meetings with eighteen DGs across multiple Italian regions. Combining the theoretical lenses of institutional logics and identity work, the research connects macro-level institutional structures with micro-level practices of role redefinition. Specifically, the study investigates: how plural institutional logics interact across stakeholder arenas during the transition toward the paradigm; how DGs, framed as institutional entrepreneurs, engage in identity work to enact shifts in those logics; and what mechanisms connect identity processes to institutional change. The research advances six main contributions. First, it provides a field-level account of logic plurality in healthcare, showing how the paradigm reconfigures meanings and organizing principles across stakeholder groups. Second, it conceptualizes inward and outward identity work as complementary mechanisms of institutional change. The former entails revising DGs’ professional self-concept, while the latter targets stakeholder groups across the system on two levels: gaining their acceptance of DG’s redefined role and engaging them in reframing their own role understandings to align with the emerging paradigm. Third, it shows how relational identity work operates as a concrete mechanism of institutional change, as DGs strategically tailor their outward identity work to different interlocutors. Fourth, it advances understanding of how institutional entrepreneurs leverage identity work to mobilize others, demonstrating that their capacity to build coalitions depends on strategically enacting relationship-specific identity work. Fifth, the study shows that perceiving institutional complexity as an identity opportunity facilitates institutional transformation. Finally, it reveals the spillover effects of identity work: actions and meanings constructed in one arena reinforce legitimacy and alignment in others, generating mutually amplifying circuits that extend the reach of systemic change.
La sanità è un sistema altamente istituzionalizzato e complesso e al centro di questa complessità risiede la sua dimensione umana. In Italia, l’invecchiamento della popolazione e la crescente incidenza delle patologie croniche mettono sempre più a dura prova la natura pubblica del sistema sanitario e il suo principio fondante di universalismo. In questo contesto, si sta affermando un nuovo paradigma, noto come ”umanizzazione delle cure”, che promuove un modello di assistenza centrato sulla persona e fondato su fiducia, comunicazione e continuità relazionale. I Direttori Generali (DG), in quanto a capo delle aziende sanitarie locali, rivestono un ruolo cruciale in questa trasformazione grazie alla loro posizione centrale tra attori politici, professionali e comunitari. Questo studio analizza come i DG traducano il paradigma dell’umanizzazione delle cure in pratica, esplorando come attori influenti, collocati all’intersezione di molteplici gruppi di stakeholder, sostengano il cambiamento sistemico lavorando sui significati e sui confini del proprio ruolo. La ricerca si basa su interviste e incontri con diciotto DG provenienti da diverse regioni italiane. Integrando i contributi teorici delle logiche istituzionali e dell’identity work, lo studio collega le strutture istituzionali a livello macro con le pratiche quotidiane di ridefinizione del ruolo a livello micro. In particolare, l’indagine esplora: come le diverse logiche istituzionali interagiscono tra di loro in corrispondenza dei vari gruppi di stakeholder durante la transizione verso il nuovo paradigma; come i DG, intesi come institutional entrepreneurs, lavorano sulla propria identità per orientare tali logiche; e attraverso quali meccanismi i processi identitari si traducono in cambiamento istituzionale. Lo studio offre sei principali contributi. Primo, fornisce una rappresentazione della pluralità delle logiche che caratterizzano il settore sanitario, mostrando come il nuovo paradigma riorganizzi significati e principi organizzativi tra i vari attori. Secondo, propone una distinzione tra identity work interno ed esterno come meccanismi complementari del cambiamento istituzionale: il primo riguarda la revisione del proprio sé professionale da parte dei DG, mentre il secondo si rivolge agli altri stakeholder del sistema sanitario, con un duplice obiettivo: ottenere il riconoscimento del nuovo ruolo dei DG e favorire, al contempo, un ripensamento dei ruoli degli altri attori in linea con il paradigma emergente. Terzo, evidenzia come l’identity work di tipo relazionale rappresenti un concreto motore di cambiamento istituzionale, in quanto i DG modulano strategicamente il proprio modo di rappresentarsi e presentarsi in base agli interlocutori. Quarto, approfondisce la comprensione di come gli institutional entrepreneurs utilizzino l’identity work per mobilitare altri attori, mostrando che la loro capacità di costruire coalizioni dipende dalla gestione strategica delle relazioni e delle identità che in esse si esprimono. Quinto, mostra come considerare la complessità istituzionale non come un vincolo, ma come un’opportunità di ridefinizione della propria identità verso una direzione desiderata, favorisca la trasformazione del sistema. Infine, mette in luce gli effetti di spillover dell’identity work: i significati e le pratiche costruiti in un contesto rafforzano la legittimità e la coerenza del cambiamento in altri, generando circuiti virtuosi che ampliano l’impatto della trasformazione.
Sustaining institutional change through professional identity work: learning from italian healthcare leaders
FALCONI, FRANCESCA;RUGGIERO, DAMIANO
2024/2025
Abstract
Healthcare is a highly institutionalized and complex system, and at the heart of this complexity lies its human dimension. In the Italian context, as the population ages and the burden of chronic conditions increases, the historically public nature of the healthcare system, along with its foundational commitment to universalism, is becoming harder to sustain. Amidst these challenges, an emerging paradigm is consolidating around the name of “humanisation of care”, calling for a shift toward person-centered healthcare that prioritizes trust, communication, and relational continuity. General Directors (Direttori Generali, DGs), as heads of local health organizations, are crucial in this transformation by virtue of their central position between political, professional, and community stakeholders. This study examines how DGs translate the humanisation-of-care paradigm into practice, exploring how influential actors positioned at the intersection of multiple stakeholder groups sustain systemic change by working on the meanings and boundaries of their role. The inquiry draws on interviews and meetings with eighteen DGs across multiple Italian regions. Combining the theoretical lenses of institutional logics and identity work, the research connects macro-level institutional structures with micro-level practices of role redefinition. Specifically, the study investigates: how plural institutional logics interact across stakeholder arenas during the transition toward the paradigm; how DGs, framed as institutional entrepreneurs, engage in identity work to enact shifts in those logics; and what mechanisms connect identity processes to institutional change. The research advances six main contributions. First, it provides a field-level account of logic plurality in healthcare, showing how the paradigm reconfigures meanings and organizing principles across stakeholder groups. Second, it conceptualizes inward and outward identity work as complementary mechanisms of institutional change. The former entails revising DGs’ professional self-concept, while the latter targets stakeholder groups across the system on two levels: gaining their acceptance of DG’s redefined role and engaging them in reframing their own role understandings to align with the emerging paradigm. Third, it shows how relational identity work operates as a concrete mechanism of institutional change, as DGs strategically tailor their outward identity work to different interlocutors. Fourth, it advances understanding of how institutional entrepreneurs leverage identity work to mobilize others, demonstrating that their capacity to build coalitions depends on strategically enacting relationship-specific identity work. Fifth, the study shows that perceiving institutional complexity as an identity opportunity facilitates institutional transformation. Finally, it reveals the spillover effects of identity work: actions and meanings constructed in one arena reinforce legitimacy and alignment in others, generating mutually amplifying circuits that extend the reach of systemic change.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247162