The thesis investigates how different types of disruption and unexpected events, by increasing contextual uncertainty, trigger dynamics, practices, and patterns of reflection-in-action and improvisation at the team level, and how the nature and characteristics of these responses are linked to the degree of intensity (soft, medium, strong). Building on a systematic literature review that defines reflection-in-action and treats disruptive events as generators of uncertainty and reframing of action frames, the research fills a gap: the absence of a conceptual bridge grounded in empirical data between the level of disruption and the practices actually activated by teams in the midst of action. Hence the research question: “How do improvisation and reflection-in-action vary across disruption types?” In addition to formulating testable hypotheses, the work proposes an operational language that can be shared by researchers and practitioners. Methodologically, the study proposes: (1) a survey with over 200 respondents to build a shared taxonomy of events classifiable by intensity, capturing broad perceptions of triggers, constraints, and deployable resources; (2) experimental fieldwork with real teams engaged in fictitious yet plausible scenarios, in which the work is interrupted by a controlled twist to observe in real time adaptive responses and the evolution of interactions. The qualitative analysis is structured into three templates anchored to semantic domains: cognitive, dialogic, and instrumental, to which practices are assigned and categorized through a code constructed iteratively and consistently. Integration with quantitative data makes it possible to map recurring patterns and threshold shifts across different intensity levels. The thesis thus offers a framework that relates the type of disruption to combinations of micro-practices of improvisation and reflection-in-action, generating practical guidance for designing design practices that enable resilient responses under VUCA conditions.
La tesi indaga in che modo diversi tipi di disruption ed eventi inaspettati, aumentando l’incertezza del contesto, inneschino dinamiche, pratiche e pattern riflessione in azione e di improvvisazione a livello di team, e come natura e caratteristiche di tali risposte si leghino al grado di intensità (soft, medium, strong). Dopo una sistematica review della letteratura, che definisce la riflessione in azione e tratta gli eventi disruptive come fattori generativi di incertezza e ridefinizione dei frame d’azione, la ricerca colma un gap: l’assenza di un ponte concettuale fondato su dati empirici tra livello di disruption e pratiche effettivamente attivate dai team nel vivo dell’azione. Da qui la domanda di ricerca: “How do improvisation and reflection-in-action vary across disruption types?” Oltre a formulare ipotesi verificabili, il lavoro propone un linguaggio operativo condivisibile tra ricercatori e professionisti. Metodologicamente, lo studio propone: (1) una survey con oltre 200 rispondenti per costruire una tassonomia condivisa degli eventi classificabili per intensità, rilevando percezioni diffuse su trigger, vincoli e risorse attivabili; (2) un lavoro sperimentale con team reali impegnati in scenari fittizi ma verosimili, nei quali il lavoro viene interrotto da un twist controllato per osservare in tempo reale le risposte adattive e l’evoluzione delle interazioni. L’analisi qualitativa è strutturata in tre template ancorati a domini semantici: cognitivo, dialogico e strumentale, ai quali le pratiche vengono assegnate e categorizzate mediante un codice costruito iterativamente e in modo consistente. L’integrazione con i dati quantitativi consente di mappare pattern ricorrenti e soglie di passaggio tra i diversi livelli di intensità. La tesi offre così un framework che mette in relazione il tipo di disruption con le combinazioni di micro-pratiche di improvvisazione e riflessione in azione, generando indicazioni operative per progettare design practices che abilitino risposte resilienti in condizioni VUCA.
How do different types of disruptions trigger and affect team improvisation and reflection-in-action in organizational contexts?
CASTIGLIONI, TOMMASO;DI NICOLO, LUDOVICA MARIA VITTORIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The thesis investigates how different types of disruption and unexpected events, by increasing contextual uncertainty, trigger dynamics, practices, and patterns of reflection-in-action and improvisation at the team level, and how the nature and characteristics of these responses are linked to the degree of intensity (soft, medium, strong). Building on a systematic literature review that defines reflection-in-action and treats disruptive events as generators of uncertainty and reframing of action frames, the research fills a gap: the absence of a conceptual bridge grounded in empirical data between the level of disruption and the practices actually activated by teams in the midst of action. Hence the research question: “How do improvisation and reflection-in-action vary across disruption types?” In addition to formulating testable hypotheses, the work proposes an operational language that can be shared by researchers and practitioners. Methodologically, the study proposes: (1) a survey with over 200 respondents to build a shared taxonomy of events classifiable by intensity, capturing broad perceptions of triggers, constraints, and deployable resources; (2) experimental fieldwork with real teams engaged in fictitious yet plausible scenarios, in which the work is interrupted by a controlled twist to observe in real time adaptive responses and the evolution of interactions. The qualitative analysis is structured into three templates anchored to semantic domains: cognitive, dialogic, and instrumental, to which practices are assigned and categorized through a code constructed iteratively and consistently. Integration with quantitative data makes it possible to map recurring patterns and threshold shifts across different intensity levels. The thesis thus offers a framework that relates the type of disruption to combinations of micro-practices of improvisation and reflection-in-action, generating practical guidance for designing design practices that enable resilient responses under VUCA conditions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2025_12_Castiglioni_DiNicolo__Executive Summary.pdf
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2025_12_Castiglioni_DiNicolo.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247165