The shift towards carbon-neutral energy systems represents a fundamental step in ensuring a sustainable future. In the context of energy transition, hydrogen is emerging as a promising energy vector, yet its large-scale use is limited by transport and storage challenges. Chemical storage in ammonia offers a carbon-free alternative for hydrogen distribution, although its reconversion remains energy-demanding and cost-intensive. To address these challenges, electrified membrane reactors provide an innovative solution for ammonia decomposition, enabling process intensification and efficient in-situ hydrogen separation. In this thesis, a modelling analysis was conducted of a fixed bed reactor for ammonia decomposition integrated with membrane separation of H! and electrification, highlighting the advantages relative to a conventional fixed-bed reactor. A 1-D MATLAB code and a detailed parametric analysis made it possible to identify an optimal design, resulting in ammonia conversion of 99.89% and hydrogen recovery factor of 96.14% at the space velocity of 3000 NL/kg_cat/h, pressure of 20 bar, with reactor inlet and outlet temperature of 550 °C. The model was then integrated into Aspen Plus to design two ammonia decomposition processes and evaluate them from a techno-economic perspective, comparing their performance with a reference configuration that employs the state-of-the-art hydrogen separation technology, pressure swing adsorption. The integration between the reactor modelling and the techno-economic analysis was used to identify the optimal operating conditions for the minimization of the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), which turned out to be equal to 9.56 USD/kg_H2 using a membrane reactor, while adopting conventional packed-bed ammonia cracker the LCOH was 10.12 USD/kg_H2 (in this cases, the cost of ammonia was respectively 5.9 and 7.1 USD/kg_H2). The results obtained in this thesis clearly demonstrate that integrating a membrane separation system enhances both reactor performance and overall process efficiency. Beyond improving hydrogen yield and selectivity, the membrane-assisted configuration also offers interesting advantages in terms of process intensification, reinforcing its potential for sustainable hydrogen release.
Il passaggio verso sistemi energetici a zero emissioni di carbonio rappresenta un obiettivo fondamentale per un futuro sostenibile. In questo contesto, l’idrogeno sta emergendo come un vettore energetico promettente, sebbene il suo impiego su larga scala sia limitato da sfide di trasporto e stoccaggio. Lo stoccaggio chimico tramite ammoniaca offre un’alternativa carbon-free, ma la sua riconversione rimane energicamente impegnativa e costosa. I reattori a membrana elettrificati rappresentano una soluzione innovativa, permettendo l’intensificazione del processo e la separazione efficiente dell’idrogeno in-situ. In questa tesi è stata sviluppata un’analisi di modellazione di un reattore a letto fisso integrato con separazione a membrana dell’idrogeno ed elettrificazione, evidenziandone i vantaggi rispetto a un reattore convenzionale. Un codice MATLAB 1-D e una dettagliata analisi parametrica hanno permesso di identificare una configurazione ottimale, con una conversione dell’ammoniaca del 99.89% e un fattore di recupero dell’idrogeno del 96.14% a 3000 NL/kg_cat/h, 20 bar e temperature di ingresso e uscita del reattore di 550 °C. Il modello è stato poi integrato in Aspen Plus per progettare due processi di decomposizione dell’ammoniaca e valutarli dal punto di vista tecnico-economico, confrontandoli con una configurazione di riferimento che impiega la tecnologia stato dell’arte per la separazione dell’idrogeno, la pressure swing adsorption. L’integrazione tra modellazione e analisi economica ha permesso di individuare le condizioni ottimali per minimizzare il costo livellato dell’idrogeno (LCOH), pari a 9.56 USD/kg_H2 per il reattore a membrana, mentre per il reattore a letto impaccato convenzionale l’LCOH è risultato essere pari a 10.12 USD/kg_H2 (in questi casi, il costo dell’ammoniaca è stato rispettivamente di 5.9 e 7.1 USD/kg_H2). I risultati dimostrano che l’integrazione di una membrana migliora sia le prestazioni del reattore sia l’efficienza complessiva del processo, offrendo vantaggi significativi per la conversione sostenibile dell’idrogeno.
Hydrogen release via ammonia decomposition: design of an electrified membrane reactor and process analysis
Mantero, Andreas;Basilico, Matteo
2024/2025
Abstract
The shift towards carbon-neutral energy systems represents a fundamental step in ensuring a sustainable future. In the context of energy transition, hydrogen is emerging as a promising energy vector, yet its large-scale use is limited by transport and storage challenges. Chemical storage in ammonia offers a carbon-free alternative for hydrogen distribution, although its reconversion remains energy-demanding and cost-intensive. To address these challenges, electrified membrane reactors provide an innovative solution for ammonia decomposition, enabling process intensification and efficient in-situ hydrogen separation. In this thesis, a modelling analysis was conducted of a fixed bed reactor for ammonia decomposition integrated with membrane separation of H! and electrification, highlighting the advantages relative to a conventional fixed-bed reactor. A 1-D MATLAB code and a detailed parametric analysis made it possible to identify an optimal design, resulting in ammonia conversion of 99.89% and hydrogen recovery factor of 96.14% at the space velocity of 3000 NL/kg_cat/h, pressure of 20 bar, with reactor inlet and outlet temperature of 550 °C. The model was then integrated into Aspen Plus to design two ammonia decomposition processes and evaluate them from a techno-economic perspective, comparing their performance with a reference configuration that employs the state-of-the-art hydrogen separation technology, pressure swing adsorption. The integration between the reactor modelling and the techno-economic analysis was used to identify the optimal operating conditions for the minimization of the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), which turned out to be equal to 9.56 USD/kg_H2 using a membrane reactor, while adopting conventional packed-bed ammonia cracker the LCOH was 10.12 USD/kg_H2 (in this cases, the cost of ammonia was respectively 5.9 and 7.1 USD/kg_H2). The results obtained in this thesis clearly demonstrate that integrating a membrane separation system enhances both reactor performance and overall process efficiency. Beyond improving hydrogen yield and selectivity, the membrane-assisted configuration also offers interesting advantages in terms of process intensification, reinforcing its potential for sustainable hydrogen release.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2025_12_Basilico_Mantero_Tesi.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Tesi
Dimensione
7.95 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.95 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
|
2025_12_Basilico_Mantero_Executive_Summary.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
818.38 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
818.38 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/247335